Experimental characterization technique to probe interfacial water

Rational design of local microenvironment for electrocatalytic water splitting

“…Based on subtle differences in molecular vibration characteristics, spectroscopic characterization techniques can provide overall information on the composition and dynamic evolution of interfacial water structures. 145–147 By Gaussian fitting the wide Raman spectra of the O–H stretching mode, the configuration of interfacial water at metal interfaces can be divided into 4-coordinated hydrogen bonded water (4-HB·H 2 O), 2-coordinated hydrogen bonded water (2-HB·H 2 O), and water molecules bound to cations (Fig. 9a).…”