Experimental colitis in mice is attenuated by topical administration of chlorogenic acid

Abstract

Epidemiological data suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods reduces the incidence of cancer, coronary heart disease, and inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an ester of caffeic and quinic acids, is one of the most abundant polyphenol compounds in human diet with proven biological effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the study is to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effect of CGA in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its mechanism of action. We used a well-established model of colitis, induced by intracolonic (i.c.) administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of CGA in the colon was evaluated based on the clinical and macroscopic and microscopic parameters. To investigate the mechanism of protective action of CGA, myeloperoxidase (MPO), H2O2, and NF-κB levels were assessed in the colon tissue. CGA administered i.c. at the dose of 20 mg/kg (two times daily) protected against TNBS-induced colitis more effectively than the same dose administered orally (p.o.), as evidenced by significantly lower macroscopic and ulcer scores. Furthermore, CGA (20 mg/kg, i.c.) reduced neutrophil infiltration, as demonstrated by decreased MPO activity. Moreover, CGA suppressed activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by lower levels of phospho-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio in the tissue. CGA did not affect the oxidative stress pathways. CGA exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through reduction of neutrophil infiltration and inhibition of NF-κB-dependent pathways. Our results suggest that CGA may have the potential to become a valuable supplement in the treatment of GI diseases.

Synthesis and evaluation of anti‐inflammatory properties of silver nanoparticle suspensions in experimental colitis in mice

“…Addition of DSS to drinking water and intracolonic administration of TNBS in mice induce reproducible colitis, and have therefore been used as animal models of IBD to study the efficiency of multiple anti-inflammatory compounds. [10,11,14] In this study, we employed both models to examine the antiinflammatory effects of NanoAg1 and NanoAg2, two aqueous suspensions of nanosilver particles. Our macroscopic and microscopic observations showed that the i.c.…”

“…Colon was instantly removed, opened longitudinally, washed with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), and immediately examined. Macroscopic colonic damage was assessed using an established semiquantitative scoring system by adding individual scores for ulcers, colonic shortening, and wall thickness, presence of hemorrhage, fecal blood, and diarrhea …”

“…Macroscopic colonic damage was assessed using an established semiquantitative scoring system by adding individual scores for ulcers, colonic shortening, and wall thickness, presence of hemorrhage, fecal blood, and diarrhea. [11,13] . For ulcer score and colonic shortening, the following scale was used: 0.5 points for each 0.5 cm of ulcerated tissue; shortening of the colon, 1 point for >15%, and 2 points for >25% (based on the mean length of the colon in untreated mice of 9.42 ± 1.25, n = 8).…”

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“…It is, however, considered that the effects of coffee are not exclusively due to caffeine but seem to be linked with other specific constituents [77]. Chlorogenic acid displayed a significant anti-inflammatory activity in a well-established mouse model of experimental colitis, as evidenced by a reduction of the macroscopic damage score, myeloperoxidase activity, and inhibition of the NF-κB dependent pathway [78]. Apart from these, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with the lack of a cytotoxic effect, attenuation of IL-1β and IL-6 along with TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibition of NF-κB by chlorogenic acid in a DSS-induced colitis have been reported in a recent study [79].…”

The effectiveness of selected decontamination techniques in the process of decontamination of chemical protection suits used by chemical rescue units in Fire Service

“…A large group of events are those of a chemical nature, be it in industrial plants or in transport [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In chemical events rescuers use protective equipment that protects them from the harmful effects of chemical substances, allowing them to work in a dangerous zone [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Wearing a protective suit or respirator, the rescuer must be confident and trustful about the technical condition and reliability of the equipment [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”