Experimental evaluation of analytical methods for determining lead in paint and building materials:

Analytical methods for the detection of toxic elements in dry paint matrices -- a literature survey

“…Few comparative studies have been made on methods used for the separation of Pb from the dry paint matrix. At NBS, during the course of an experimental evaluation of analytical methods for determining Pb in paint [3,4], several sample pretreatment steps were evaluated. For wet ashing nitric and hydrochloric or mixtures of nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids were used.…”

“…The standard deviation by the AA procedure for 10 measurements, for samples containing about 2% Pb, was 0.05%. [3]. The AA spectrophotometer was calibrated by means of a standard lead nitrate solution prepared by dissolving high purity Pb…”

“…In order to avoid sample pretreatment , an AA method employing a West type carbon rod flameless sample holder was evaluated at the NBS [3] for the analysis of solid paint samples. Samples of paint chips were either analyzed directly or mixed with graphite, but the lead content could only be determined qualitatively.…”

“…Even though no references were found to the previous use of this electrochemical method for the analysis of Pb in a dry paint matrix, polarography was included at NBS in the program of evaluation of analytical methods for determining Pb in paints [3]. Polarography was found to be a suitable method since the only experimental difficulties encountered were during sample dissolution steps.…”

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans

“…Children are also exposed to lead in coloured newsprint: inks used in coloured magazine ilustrations contain Methods of analysis for lead and its compounds have been reviewed (Mack, 1975;Minear & Murray, 1973;Pierce et al, 1976;Schuller & Egan, 1976;UNEP/WHO, 1977). Greifer et al (1972) reviewed and evaluated the analytical methods for determining levels of lead in formulations such as paint and building materials; and Harrison & Perry (1977) have described methods for determining tetraalkyllead compounds in air. Pierce et al (1976) and Delves (1977) Table 5.…”