Experimental evidence for a general model of modulated MOF nanoparticle growth

Abstract

Nanoparticles of metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) boast superior properties compared to their bulk analogs, yet little is known about how common synthetic parameters dictate particle sizes. Here, we provide experimental evidence...

Linker depletion for missing cluster defects in non-UiO metal–organic frameworks

“… 24 Recent works show that the concentration of the linker can be also an effective variable to reduce crystal size during MOF synthesis in absence of external modulators. 25 In view of these results, we hypothesised that reducing the concentration of the linker below the stoichiometric ratio might also have a significant impact in controlling the assembly and crystal growth of MUV-10 ( Fig. 1a ).…”

“…24 Recent works show that the concentration of the linker can be also an effective variable to reduce crystal size during MOF synthesis in absence of external modulators. 25 In view of these results, we hypothesised that reducing the concentration of the linker below the stoichiometric ratio might also have a significant impact in controlling the assembly and crystal growth of MUV-10 (Figure 1a). We were particularly interested in whether the unavailability of sufficient linker concentration required for stochiometric metal-complexation might favour the formation of vacancies for defective phases with lower connectivity.…”

Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Morphology Control by Design

“…In that study, cubic crystal morphology (six {100} facets) samples exhibit better catalytic performance than crystals with an octahedral morphology (eight {111} facets) [10] . Typically, MOF crystal morphology control studies include additives and/or altering the pH of the growth medium, and organic linker functionalization [7–19] . For instance, metal coordinating polymers have been used as additives to inhibit crystal growth along selected crystallographic directions and control MOF morphology [14,15] .…”

“…[10] Typically, MOF crystal morphology control studies include additives and/or altering the pH of the growth medium, and organic linker functionalization. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For instance, metal coordinating polymers have been used as additives to inhibit crystal growth along selected crystallographic directions and control MOF morphology. [14,15] In analogy to inorganic nanoparticles, [20,21] surfactants have also been used to generate new morphologies of MOFs.…”

Surfactant-assisted synthesis of titanium nanoMOFs for thin film fabrication

“…5 It is highly desirable to identify suitable conditions that allow for reproducibly synthesising nanoMOFs and better understanding of the mechanisms that govern their growth. [6][7][8] The synthesis of MOF NPs involves a strict control of the nucleation and growth of the framework by optimization of experimental variables such as the concentration of the precursors and the reaction temperature or time. Overall, NPs can be produced by using different methods like rapid nucleation, nanoreactor confinement, surfactant-assisted synthesis and coordination modulation (CMs), or a combination of them.…”