Experimental Human Exposure to Air Pollutants Is Essential to Understand Adverse Health Effects

Rom, William N.; Boushey, Homer A.; Caplan, Arthur L.

doi:10.1165/rcmb.2013-0253ps

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In recent decades, many biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility and disease have been identified and studied epidemiologically in relation to air pollution exposure, and it is important to also consider changes in them as potentially adverse health outcomes [17]. Genetic susceptibility, such as the null variant of GSTM1, can enhance susceptibility to biomarker change associated with air pollution [18], and epigenetic changes are garnering increased attention in air pollution research [19].…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Air Pollution On Health: Elements Of An Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework

et al. 2016

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The American Thoracic Society has previously published statements on what constitutes an adverse effect on health of air pollution in 1985 and 2000. We set out to update and broaden these past statements that focused primarily on effects on the respiratory system. Since then, many studies have documented effects of air pollution on other organ systems, such as on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In addition, many new biomarkers of effects have been developed and applied in air pollution studies. This current report seeks to integrate the latest science into a general framework for interpreting the adversity of the human health effects of air pollution. Rather than trying to provide a catalogue of what is and what is not an adverse effect of air pollution, we propose a set of considerations that can be applied in forming judgments of the adversity of not only currently documented, but also emerging and future effects of air pollution on human health. These considerations are illustrated by the inclusion of examples for different types of health effects of air pollution.

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Section: Adverse Effects Of Air Pollution On Health: Elements Of An Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework

et al. 2016

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“…12 In these studies, specialized facilities generate model pollutant exposures, enabling researchers to investigate the effects of acute exposure under highly regulated and reproducible conditions. Randomized-crossover designs enable comparisons of within-subject differences in response to sessions involving inhalation of either polluted or clean air.…”

Section: The Effects Of Air Pollution On Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease

2015

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Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system are highly vulnerable to a number of environmental agents--ambient air pollution and the metals arsenic, cadmium, and lead are widespread and the most-extensively studied. Like traditional risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, these exposures advance disease and mortality via augmentation or initiation of pathophysiological processes associated with CVD, including blood-pressure control, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and atherogenesis. Although residence in highly polluted areas is associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk, adverse effects on cardiovascular health also occur at exposure levels below current regulatory standards. Considering the widespread prevalence of exposure, even modest contributions to CVD risk can have a substantial effect on population health. Evidence-based clinical and public-health strategies aimed at reducing environmental exposures from current levels could substantially lower the burden of CVD-related death and disability worldwide.

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“…It had significantly adverse impact on human health and could cause many kinds of diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases) (Langrish et al, 2012;Krall et al, 2013;Rom et al, 2013). Acid rain caused by high SO 2 and NO x concentration could bring serious negative effects on ecosystems (soil and water PH value change, crops plants injury, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ambient Air Quality in Beijing, China

Zhou

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The ambient air quality in Beijing was comprehensively assessed based on the real-time pollutant concentrations monitored at urban, suburban, roadside, and background sites in 2013. The results showed that the annual average concentration for CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 in 2013 was 2.0 mg m , respectively. The annual average concentration of CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 was highest in roadside, while that of O 3 was highest in background stations. The mean monthly statistics indicated the maximum concentration of CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 occurred in January because of larger emissions in heating season, lower wind speed and higher relative humidity (RH), while the minimum was found in July or August due to larger precipitation or photochemical degradation. The peak concentrations of O 3 occurred during May to August due to higher temperature and solar radiation which could promote the photochemistry activity. The monthly variation is also reflected in the corresponding season. Diurnally analysis showed the CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 in urban and roadside area had two increase phases accompanying with the traffic peaks. Beside the temporal variation, we also found the spatial variation that higher concentrations of O 3 and other pollutants occurred in northern and southern districts/counties, respectively. It could be attributed to the spatial distribution of various pollutant emissions in Beijing and the impact of pollutant transport from neighboring provinces. Moreover, we examined the visibility in Beijing and found its significant correlation with PM 2.5 concentration and RH, respectively. Lastly, the air quality in Beijing was compared with that in other mega cities in the world. The higher pollutant concentrations and PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio indicated that the mitigation of the air pollution especially the PM 2.5 pollution in Beijing still had a long way to go.

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Experimental Human Exposure to Air Pollutants Is Essential to Understand Adverse Health Effects

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework

A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework

Environmental factors in cardiovascular disease

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ambient Air Quality in Beijing, China

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