Experimental Induction and Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Imaging of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Steven, Philipp; Rupp, Jan; Hüttmann, Gereon; Koop, Norbert; Lensing, Carmen; Laqua, H.; Gebert, Andreas

doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0809

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The infiltrating inflammatory cells manifest an orange color, with high fluorescence intensity at longer wavelength (530 AE 21 nm). 16 Most of these cells show parallels with the characteristics of lymphocytes including a small round or oval shape and a thin rim of cytoplasm surrounding the dark round nucleus, 22 as can be found in the H&E-stained images [ Fig. 3(b)].…”

Section: Visualization Of Multiple Pancreatic Components During Chronmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…20,21 Consequently, different biochemical constituents of cellular or extracellular origins with various emission wavelengths can be detected through multiple channels, which enables simultaneous identification of different tissue components. 16,22,23 Using this method, stromal collagen, which is the major source of SHG signals in extracellular matrix, has been recognized from cellular components. [24][25][26] Lymphatic cells have been distinguished from the other gastric tissue types due to a broad emission that possibly originates from phospholipids, known to be a significant component of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrophages, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes have been isolated by the cell shapes revealed by intrinsic fluorescence. 22 As a result, based on the intrinsic optical features including emission spectrum and morphological signatures, nonlinear optical microscopy has potential for the simultaneous inspection of multiple components in pathological tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous characterization of pancreatic stellate cells and other pancreatic components within three-dimensional tissue environment during chronic pancreatitis

Hu¹,

2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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Section: Visualization Of Multiple Pancreatic Components During Chronmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simultaneous characterization of pancreatic stellate cells and other pancreatic components within three-dimensional tissue environment during chronic pancreatitis

Hu¹,

2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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“…A previous study revealed the existence of follicles in the nictitating membrane of mouse conjunctiva and their characteristic plasticity in terms of size and numbers after conjunctiva OVA challenge (35,36). Furthermore, Steven et al (37) also showed induction of CALT in 70% of mice by external application of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar C or a solution of OVA and B subunit of CT. It seems likely that CALT could be another candidate as an inductive site for eyedrop vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Eye Mucosa: An Efficient Vaccine Delivery Route for Inducing Protective Immunity

Seo

Han

Cha

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

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The external part of the eye shares mucosa-associated common characteristics and is an obvious entry site for foreign Ags. We assessed the potential of eyedrop vaccination for effective delivery of vaccines against viral or bacterial infection in mice. Both OVA-specific IgG Ab in serum and IgA Ab in mucosal compartments were induced by eyedrops of OVA with cholera toxin (CT). Eyedrop vaccination of influenza A/PR/8 virus (H1N1) induced both influenza virus-specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses and protected mice completely against respiratory infection with influenza A/PR/8 virus. In addition, eyedrop vaccination of attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains induced LPS-specific Ab and complete protection against oral challenge of virulent Salmonella. Unlike with the intranasal route, eyedrop vaccinations did not redirect administered Ag into the CNS in the presence of CT. When mice were vaccinated by eyedrop, even after the occlusion of tear drainage from eye to nose, Ag-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA Abs could be induced effectively. Of note, eyedrops with OVA plus CT induced organogenesis of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue and increased microfold cell-like cells on the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in the nictitating membrane on conjunctiva, the mucosal side of the external eye. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the eyedrop route is an alternative to mucosal routes for administering vaccines.

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“…In the laboratory mouse, the nictitating membrane (plica semilunaris) has been reported to contain organized lymphoid tissue (34). Although the murine CALT was rarely present under normal conditions, the direct administration of Chlamydia and nonmicrobial antigens into eyes increased the incidence (34,39). Tears are consistently secreted to wet the conjunctiva and cornea, and leaked to the nasal cavity via the lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>GP2-expressing cells in the conjunctiva and tear ducts of mice: identification of a novel type of cells in the squamous stratified </b><b>epithelium </b>

et al. 2015

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GP2 is a membrane-associated secretory protein originally identified in zymogen granules of pancreatic acinar cells. Recently, this glycoprotein has attracted attention as a marker substance of M cells of Peyer's patches and for its involvement in the selective uptake of pathological bacteria via M cells. When we stained the conjunctiva and tear ducts of mice using a GP2 antibody, all goblet cells in the squamous stratified epithelium of the conjunctiva were intensely immunolabeled, while goblet cells in the intestine and airway were devoid of the immunoreactivity, indicating that the conjunctiva contains a special type of goblet cell. Further immunostaining for GP-2 labeled dispersed cells of peculiar shapes within the stratified squamous epithelium in the lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct. The GP2-immunoreactive cells in the tear duct projected arched or branched processes toward the basement membrane. Electron-microscopically, immunogold particles for GP2 outlined the basolateral plasma membrane of both the conjuntival goblet cells and the peculiarly shaped cells in the tear duct. Intracellularly, GP2 products of the goblet cells were localized around secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm and those of the tear duct cells inside the vesicles. The luminal contents close to apical plasma membrane were heavily labeled with immunogold particles, suggesting an exocytosis-based targeting of GP2 to the plasma membrane and its release into the lumen. The possible function of GP2 in tear ducts is discussed in relation to a defense system against invasive microoranisms and antigens.Tears contain various substances, such as lipids, mucins, ions, enzymes, and immunoglobulins. Mucins originate mostly in conjunctival goblet cells and the lacrimal glands (1, 13, 36), the latter being mucous in nature in some animals. The main and accessory lacrimal glands also secrete antimicrobial substances including lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lipocalin in both basal and reflex tear secretions (for review, 24). Secretory immunoglobulin A, the major antibody present in the tear film and tear fluid, is produced by plasma cells in cooperation with lacrimal glands and conjunctival lymphoid tissues (24). The antimicrobial enzymes, immunoglobulins, and complement factors assure immunologic functions against microorganisms and antigens. It is generally believed that conjunctival goblet cells are not directly involved in the ocular defense system. In the intestine, however, morphological studies for longer than 100 years have reported the existence of intermediate cells between goblet cells and Paneth cells, the latter a predominant cell source of antimicrobial substances in the small intestine (3). Numbers of the intermediate cells increased in the intestine of mice with abnormal Notch signaling (37) or with the infection of parasitic nematodes (15). Furthermore, goblet cells in the small intestine possess an ability to uptake luminal antigens and present them to sub-

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Experimental Induction and Three-Dimensional Two-Photon Imaging of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Simultaneous characterization of pancreatic stellate cells and other pancreatic components within three-dimensional tissue environment during chronic pancreatitis

Simultaneous characterization of pancreatic stellate cells and other pancreatic components within three-dimensional tissue environment during chronic pancreatitis

Eye Mucosa: An Efficient Vaccine Delivery Route for Inducing Protective Immunity

<b>GP2-expressing cells in the conjunctiva and tear ducts of mice: identification of a novel type of cells in the squamous stratified </b><b>epithelium </b>

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