Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with the cell-culture-adapted porcine deltacoronavirus strain OH-FD22

Hu, Hui; Jung, Kwonil; Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Saif, Linda J.

doi:10.1007/s00705-016-3056-8

Cited by 64 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…In particular, porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), induced by novel variants of the α-CoV PEDV has re-emerged or emerged with devastating https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.021 Received 31 July 2017; Received in revised form 18 January 2018; Accepted 26 February 2018 impact on piglets in China since late 2010, in North (2013 and South (2014) Americas, and in Europe in 2015 Langel et al, 2016;Lohse et al, 2017). More recently, the newly emerging δ-CoV, PDCoV, was identified in diarrheic pigs worldwide in 2014-2015, including the US, Canada, China, South Korea, and Thailand (Dong et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2016;. In pigs, the newly emerged PDCoV and re-emerged PEDV reported in the US and Asia, as well as the discovery of novel CoVs in wild bats, birds or humans has necessitated improved detection and control measures for these CoVs Lin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples

Jung

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Virological Methods

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are critical human and animal pathogens because of their potential to cause severe epidemics of respiratory or enteric diseases. In pigs, the newly emerged porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and re-emerged porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) reported in the US and Asia, as well as the discovery of novel CoVs in wild bats or birds, has necessitated development of improved detection and control measures for these CoVs. Because the previous pancoronavirus (panCoV) RT-PCR established in our laboratory in 2007-2011 did not detect deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs) in swine fecal and serum samples, our goal was to develop a new panCoV RT-PCR assay to detect known human and animal CoVs, including δ-CoVs. In this study, we designed a new primer set to amplify a 668 bp-region within the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene that encodes the most conserved protein domain of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-CoVs. We established a one-step panCoV RT-PCR assay and standardized the assay conditions. The newly established panCoV RT-PCR assay was demonstrated to have a high sensitivity and specificity. Using a panel of 60 swine biological samples (feces, intestinal contents, and sera) characterized by PEDV, PDCoV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus-specific RT-PCR assays, we demonstrated that sensitivity and specificity of the newly established panCoV RT-PCR assay were 100%. 400 avian fecal (RNA) samples were further tested simultaneously for CoV by the new panCoV RT-PCR and a one-step RT-PCR assay with the δ-CoV nucleocapsid-specific universal primers. Four of 400 avian samples were positive for CoV, three of which were positive for δ-CoV by the conventional RT-PCR. PanCoV RT-PCR fragments for 3 of the 4 CoVs were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of one γ-CoV and two δ-CoV in the sequenced samples. The newly designed panCoV RT-PCR assay should be useful for the detection of currently known CoVs in animal biological samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples

Jung

Wang

et al. 2018

Journal of Virological Methods

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“…PDCoV is a novel swine intestine coronavirus and has caused serious economic losses for pig industry (Hu et al, 2015). So far, PDCoV has been reported in several countries and the pathogenicity for this novel virus has been studied using the neonatal piglets (Wang et al, 2014a;Wang et al, 2015;Dong et al, 2016;Hu et al, 2016). However, little regarding the molecular epidemiology of PDCoV has been reported in Henan province, a major pigraising region of China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, six coronaviruses have been identified from pigs, including the Alphacoronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), the Betacoronavirus genus porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus (PHEV), and the Deltacoronavirus genus PDCoV (Jung et al, 2016b;Gong et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018). The clinical symptom caused by PDCoV in piglets is similar to that of the PEDV and TGEV infection, including severe diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration (Hu et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2016a). However, the clinical symptom and mortality caused by PDCoV are milder than PEDV infection in piglets (Jung et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus in Henan province, China

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2019

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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A B S T R A C TPorcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel porcine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration in piglets. This newly virus has spread rapidly and has caused serious economic losses for pig industry since the outbreak in USA in 2014. In this study, 430 faecal and intestinal samples (143 faecal samples and 287 intestinal samples) were collected from individual pigs with diarrhea and 211 serum samples were also collected from the sows with mild diarrhea in 17 regions in Henan province, China from April 2015 to March 2018. The RT-PCR detection indicated that the infection of PDCoV was high up to 23.49% (101/430), and coinfection with PEDV were common (60.40%, 61/101) in Henan pigs. The prevalence of PDCoV in suckling piglets was the highest (36.43%, 94/258). We also found that PDCoV could be detected in sows faeces and sera while the sows showed mild, self-limited diarrhea in clinic. The complete genomes of 4 PDCoV Henan strains (CH-01, HNZK-02, HNZK-04, HNZK-06) were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome, spike and nucleocapsid gene sequences revealed that the PDCoV Henan strains were closely related to other PDCoV reference strains that located in the Chinese clade. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis showed PDCoV CH-01 strain was closely related to CHN-HB-2014 strain and HKU15-44 strain, while the other PDCoV Henan strains were more related to PDCoV CHJXNI2 and CH-SXD1-2015 strains, indicating that the ancestor of these sequenced strains may different. These results would support the understanding of the prevalence and evolution characteristics of PDCoV in China.

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“…Like PEDV and TGEV Saif et al, 2012), PDCoV is cytolytic, and infected enterocytes rapidly undergo acute necrosis, leading to marked villous atrophy in the small but not in the large intestine ( Fig. 2A) (Chen et al, 2015b;Hu et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2015c;Ma et al, 2015). Like PEDV and TGEV (Kim et al, 2000), PDCoV may not induce apoptotic death of enterocytes in the small intestine of infected pigs .…”

Section: Tissue Tropism Of Pdcovmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a member of the genus Deltacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae of the order Nidovirales, causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and mortality in neonatal piglets (Chen et al, 2015b;Hu et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2015c;Ma et al, 2015). PDCoV was first reported in pigs in Hong Kong in 2012 (Woo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine deltacoronavirus infection: Etiology, cell culture for virus isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis

2016

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Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) (family Coronaviridae, genus Deltacoronavirus) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea/vomiting, dehydration and mortality in seronegative neonatal piglets. PDCoV diarrhea was first reported in the US in early 2014, concurrently with co-circulation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (family Coronaviridae, genus Alphacoronavirus). The origin of PDCoV in pigs and also its sudden emergence or route of introduction into the US still remains unclear. In the US, since 2013-2014, the newly emerged PDCoV and PEDV have spread nationwide, causing a high number of pig deaths and significant economic impacts. The current US PDCoV strains are enteropathogenic and infect villous epithelial cells of the entire small and large intestines although the jejunum and ileum are the primary sites of infection. Similar to PEDV infections, PDCoV infections also cause acute, severe atrophic enteritis accompanied by transient viremia (viral RNA) that leads to severe diarrhea and/or vomiting, followed by dehydration as the potential cause of death in nursing piglets. At present, differential diagnosis of PDCoV, PEDV, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is essential to control viral diarrheas in US swine. Cell culture-adapted US PDCoV (TC-PDCoV) strains have been isolated and propagated by us and in several other laboratories. TC-PDCoV strains will be useful to develop serologic assays and to evaluate if serial cell-culture passage attenuates TC-PDCoV as a potential vaccine candidate strain. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of epidemic PDCoV strains is currently needed to prevent and control the disease in affected regions and to develop an effective vaccine. This review focuses on the etiology, cell culture isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology, disease mechanisms and pathogenesis of PDCoV infection.

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Experimental infection of gnotobiotic pigs with the cell-culture-adapted porcine deltacoronavirus strain OH-FD22

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples

Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian `fecal samples

Prevalence, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus in Henan province, China

Porcine deltacoronavirus infection: Etiology, cell culture for virus isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis

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