Experimental investigation of alignment of the L₃subshell vacancy state produced after photoionisation in lead by 59.57 keV photons

Abstract

Experimental investigation of the alignment of the L, subshell vacancy state produced after photoionisation in lead by 59.57 keV photons has been reported. The present results confirm the prediction of the calculations of Flugge, Mehlhorn and Schmidt that the atomic inner-shell vacancies produced after photoionisation are aligned and the x-ray emission from the filling of vacancies in states with J P f is anisotropic, but contradict the predictions of Cooper and Zare that after photoionisation of the inner shell, the vacancy state has an equal population of magnetic substates and the subsequent x-ray emission is isotropic.

Angular Dependence of Fluorescence X-Rays and Alignment of Vacancy State Induced by Radioisotopes

“…Theoretical values of the alignment parameter for different states of various atoms calculated using the Herman-Skillman wave functions, have been reported by Berezhko and Kabachnik, (1977). The very strong anisotropy was reported for the emission of L lines for various elements by several scientists (Kahlon, et al, 1990a(Kahlon, et al, ,b, 1991aErtuğrul, et al, 1995Ertuğrul, et al, , 1996Ertuğrul, 1996Ertuğrul, , 2002Kumar, et al, 1999 Sharma andAllawadhi, 1999;Seven andKoçak, 2001,2002;Seven, 2004;Demir, et al, 2003). However, in all these investigations, the observed anisotropy is much higher than the predicted theoretical values of Scofield, (1976) and Berezhko and Kabachnik, (1977).…”

“…The alignment parameter of the ions of Xe was obtained by Küst, et al, (2003). Kahlon et al, (1990a) reported experimental investigation of the alignment of the L 3 subshell vacancy state produced after photoionization in lead by 59.57 keV photons. The values of differential cross sections for the emission of the , , and X-ray lines were determined at different emission angles varying from 40 o to 120 o .…”

Kinematic coefficient ratios, anisotropy parameters, and polarization degrees of L3 X-ray transitions of Bi, Pb, Ta, Lu, and Yb

“…Up to now, many experimental studies related with the angular distribution of the L 3 (J = 3/2) magnetic subshell X-ray transitions using different stimulating sources, such as synchrotron radiation [6][7][8], X-ray tube [9], radioisotope sources [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], and with charged particles [19][20][21][22][23][24] have been done.…”

Non-isotropic angular distribution of Yb Lα1and Lα2lines following photoionization by linearly polarized radiation

“…Several groups have studied these phenomena using radioactive sources as the excitation beam, which are limited in energy tunability and photon flux delivered. The results reported are controversial, showing a wide range of values from very strong anisotropy [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] to a complete absence of that effect [28][29][30]. Synchrotron radiation was later used to determine the angular distribution of L lines of different elements taking advantage of this highly tunable and intense source of x-rays by two different groups [8,9].…”