Experimental investigations on the contraction induced by lead in arterial smooth muscle

Piccinini, F; Favalli, L.; Chiari, M. C.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(77)90022-1

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A large body of experimental data, both in vivo and in vitro, shows that lead increases blood pressure in several species of rats, pigeons, and dogs (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). These studies have also documented increased reactivity to alpha adrenergic stimulation (14,16) and an interaction with calcium metabolism (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women.

Schwartz

1991

Environ Health Perspect

117

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Lead has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure in males in the NHANES II survey and in numerous other studies. This study confirms the association in males aged 20 to 74 and documents a significant, although weaker, association in females as well. Prospective cardiovascular disease studies such as the Framingham study indicate that increases in blood pressure should be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Using electrocardiogram data from NHANES II, this study confirms the expected association of lead with left ventricular hypertrophy (p < 0.01). Such an association with permanent cardiovascular changes adds weight to the blood pressure findings. The logistic risk coefficients from the Framingham study can be combined with the study's association between lead and blood pressure to examine its implication for more serious outcomes. The results suggest that a halving of the population mean blood lead level would reduce myocardial infarctions by approximately 24,000 events per year and incidence of all cardiovascular disease by over 100,000. These numbers suggest a small attributable risk compared to the vast incidence of cardiovascular disease in the U.S., but a large attributable risk compared to most environmental toxins. Several biological mechanisms have been identified, with different implications for the use of bone lead as an exposure measure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piccinini and co-workers (18) found that lead induced contraction and hyper-reactivity in perfused rat tail arteries. Tissue analysis indicated the lead-exposed vascular smooth muscle cells had increased free cytosolic calcium and increased total calcium stores.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms and Bone Leadmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women.

Schwartz

1991

Environ Health Perspect

117

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“…Of particular interest, Piccinini and Favalli (8) have reported that the addition of lead to the media of perfused isolated rat tail arteries led to contraction and to hyperreactivity in response to stimulation. The exposed arteries had higher levels of cytosolic calcium *Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115. than the control group, consistent with other findings of lead causing a calcium leak into cells (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Blood Lead and Blood Pressure in the NHANES II Survey

Schwartz¹

1988

Environmental Health Perspectives

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A large body of experimental data has shown that lead raises blood pressure and increases responsiveness to a-adrenergic agonists in rats and pigeons. These studies suggest the need to look for a similar relationship in humans. This paper examines the robustness of the previously reported association between blood lead and blood pressure in adult males. The association remains strong and is essentially unchanged in tests that include nutritional factors and demographic factors, alone or together, or in tests that include insignificant terms. The relationship was not confounded by age; it held for all adult men in the 20-45 age group, the 40-59 age group, and the 46-74 age group. Interaction terms for 25 30-year age groups (20-49, 21-50, . . . , 45-74) were all insignificant, indicating no difference in the relationship by age. The relationship is also robust to the inclusion of a time trend to account for possible omitted time-varying factors, and it held in a model that controlled for possible site effects. Given the strong experimental evidence, the relationship is likely causal.

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“…Lead also has other effects on the cardiovascular system, www.bjournal.com.br Braz J Med Biol Res 43 (5) 2010 including endothelial dysfunction (10) and inhibition of the sarcolemmal sodium potassium ATPase (11). These actions also include direct effects on the excitability and contractility of the heart (8,9), vascular actions on the compliance and contractility of smooth muscle (12)(13)(14), and tissue damage by free radicals (15). This metal also promotes reductions in vascular β-adrenoceptor density and cAMP levels, factors that contribute to increased blood pressure (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

Silveira

Lizardo

Souza

et al. 2010

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Chronic lead exposure induces hypertension in humans and animals, affecting endothelial function. However, studies concerning acute cardiovascular effects are lacking. We investigated the effects of acute administration of a high concentration of lead acetate (100 µΜ) on the pressor response to phenylephrine (PHE) in the tail vascular bed of male Wistar rats. Animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and heparinized. The tail artery was dissected and cannulated for drug infusion and mean perfusion pressure measurements. Endothelium and vascular smooth muscle relaxation were tested with acetylcholine (5 µg/100 µL) and sodium nitroprusside (0.1 µg/100 µL), respectively, in arteries precontracted with 0.1 µM PHE. Concentrationresponse curves to PHE (0.001-300 µg/100 µL) were constructed before and after perfusion for 1 h with 100 µΜ lead acetate. In the presence of endothelium (E + ), lead acetate increased maximal response (E max ) (control: 364.4 ± 36, Pb 2+ : 480.0 ± 27 mmHg; P < 0.05) and the sensitivity (pD 2 ; control: 1.98 ± 0.07, 2.38 ± 0.14 log mM) to PHE. In the absence of endothelium (E -) lead had no effect but increased baseline perfusion pressure (E + : 79.5 ± 2.4, E -: 118 ± 2.2 mmHg; P < 0.05). To investigate the underlying mechanisms, this protocol was repeated after treatment with 100 µM L-NAME, 10 µM indomethacin and 1 µM tempol in the presence of lead. Lead actions on E max and pD 2 were abolished in the presence of indomethacin, and partially abolished with L-NAME and tempol. Results suggest that acute lead administration affects the endothelium, releasing cyclooxygenasederived vasoconstrictors and involving reactive oxygen species.

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Experimental investigations on the contraction induced by lead in arterial smooth muscle

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women.

Lead, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease in men and women.

The Relationship between Blood Lead and Blood Pressure in the NHANES II Survey

Acute lead-induced vasoconstriction in the vascular beds of isolated perfused rat tails is endothelium-dependent

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