Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells

Chugh, Rishi Man; Bhanja, Payel; Norris, Andrew J.; Saha, Subhrajit

doi:10.3390/cells10010091

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…In other words, it would follow that SARS-CoV-2 infects quiescent stem cells (G0 cells) and hinders their proper function. This hypothesis agrees with the findings regarding the malfunction of resident stem cells located in adult tissues after infection with SARS-CoV-2 [107,108], which subsequently induces an inflammatory response and fibrotic reactions [109]. This is probably why older adults, who have the majority of their stem cell pool in the G0 phase, are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: How Do Proliferating Active Stem Cells Resist the Sars-cov-2 Infection?supporting

confidence: 90%

A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women

Sanie-Jahromi

NejatyJahromy

Jahromi

2021

IJMS

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Since the COVID-19 outbreak was acknowledged by the WHO on 30 January 2020, much research has been conducted to unveil various features of the responsible SARS-CoV-2 virus. Different rates of contagion in adults, children, and pregnant women may guide us to understand the underlying infection conditions of COVID-19. In this study, we first provide a review of recent reports of COVID-19 clinical outcomes in children and pregnant women. We then suggest a mechanism that explains the curious case of COVID-19 in children/pregnant women. The unique stem cell molecular signature, as well as the very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the lower ACE/ACE2 ratio in stem cells of children/pregnant women compared to adults might be the cause of milder symptoms of COVID-19 in them. This study provides the main molecular keys on how stem cells can function properly and exert their immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in COVID-19-infected children/pregnant women, while failing to replicate their role in adults. This can lay the groundwork for both predicting the pattern of spread and severity of the symptoms in a population and designing novel stem cell-based treatment and prevention strategies for COVID-19.

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Section: How Do Proliferating Active Stem Cells Resist the Sars-cov-2 Infection?supporting

confidence: 90%

A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women

Sanie-Jahromi

NejatyJahromy

Jahromi

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We have also noted the enrichment of AMPK and Wnt signalling pathways in down-regulated genes, regulating cellular responses to starvation, mitotic cytokinesis, positive regulation of autophagy and lung development. Studies in transgenic mice models show the loss of alveolar tissue repair capacity in the lungs due to blockage of FGFR signalling caused by the viral infection [ 52 ]. Wnt signalling is essential for the repair and regeneration of human lung epithelial cells when infected with viruses [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel systems biology analysis of lung transcriptomics data identifies key miRNAs and potential miRNA target genes for SARS-CoV-2 infection

Banaganapalli

Alrayes²,

Awan

et al. 2021

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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Background The spread of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected both the public health and the global economy. The current study was aimed at analysing the genetic sequence of this highly contagious corona virus from an evolutionary perspective, comparing the genetic variation features of different geographic strains, and identifying the key miRNAs as well as their gene targets from the transcriptome data of viral infected lung tissues. Methods A multilevel robust computational analysis was undertaken for viral genetic sequence alignment, phylogram construction, genome-wide transcriptome data interpretation of virus-infected lung tissues, miRNA mapping, and functional biology networking. Results Our findings show both genetic similarities as well as notable differences in the S protein length among SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS viruses. All SARS-CoV-2 strains showed a high genetic similarity with the parent Wuhan strain, but Saudi Arabian, South African, USA, Russia and New Zealand strains carry 3 additional genetic variations like P333L (RNA -dependant RNA polymerase), D614G (spike), and P4715L (ORF1ab). The infected lung tissues demonstrated the upregulation of 282 (56.51%) antiviral defensive response pathway genes and downregulation of 217 (43.48%) genes involved in autophagy and lung repair pathways. By miRNA mapping, 4 key miRNAs ( hsa-miR-342-5p, hsa-miR-432-5p, hsa-miR-98-5p and hsa-miR-17-5p ), targeting multiple host genes ( MYC, IL6, ICAM1 and VEGFA ) as well as SARS-CoV2 gene ( ORF1ab ) were identified. Conclusion Systems biology methods offer a new perspective in understanding the molecular reasons underlying the faster spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antiviral miRNAs identified in this study may aid in the ongoing search for novel personalized therapeutic avenues for COVID patients.

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“…As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is alarmingly progressing, there is an urgent need to develop reliable cellular and animal models to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis and to apply this knowledge to develop therapeutic countermeasures. The development of clinically relevant experimental models is essential to examine the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in different organs (Chugh et al, 2021). Researchers started using several experimental models to study the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and study drug candidates' pharmacological action (Figure 5).…”

Section: Experimental Models For the Study Of Sars-cov-2 Pathogenesis Cellular Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models

Kanimozhi¹,

Pradhapsingh

Pawar

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent pandemic outbreak threatening human beings worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causes severe morbidity and mortality and rapidly spreading across the countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic fundamental research to understand the pathogenesis and druggable molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2. Recent sequencing data of the viral genome and X-ray crystallographic data of the viral proteins illustrate potential molecular targets that need to be investigated for structure-based drug design. Further, the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen isolated from clinical samples needs to be cultivated and titrated. All of these scenarios demand suitable laboratory experimental models. The experimental models should mimic the viral life cycle as it happens in the human lung epithelial cells. Recently, researchers employing primary human lung epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, experimental cell lines like Vero cells, CaCo-2 cells, HEK-293, H1299, Calu-3 for understanding viral titer values. The human iPSC-derived lung organoids, small intestinal organoids, and blood vessel organoids increase interest among researchers to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and treatment outcome. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human lung epithelial cells using viral Spike (S1) protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. The laboratory mouse show poor ACE-2 expression and thereby inefficient SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop transgenic hACE-2 mouse models to understand antiviral agents’ therapeutic outcomes. This review highlighted the viral pathogenesis, potential druggable molecular targets, and suitable experimental models for basic fundamental research.

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Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 113 publications

A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women

A Review on the Role of Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2 in Children and Pregnant Women

Multilevel systems biology analysis of lung transcriptomics data identifies key miRNAs and potential miRNA target genes for SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models

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