Experimental studies on Nafion® 112 single PEM-FCs exposed to freezing conditions

Gavello, Gianluigi; Zeng, Juqin; Francia, Carlotta; Icardi, Ugo; Graizzaro, Alessandro; Specchia, Vito

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.182

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In our recent work on PEMFCs freezing [36], we were able to partially limit the MEA damages by opportunely varying the purging procedure. Purging with dry gases during the shut-down step represents a promising approach to prevent MEA degradation [52,53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis is focused on Nafion ® membranes of different thickness, namely Nafion ® 112, 115 and 117, and at three different temperatures, 60, 70 and 80 • C, respectively. As it is required for a FC to operate over a range of temperatures [1], some membranes were subjected to various freezing/thawing cycles [34][35][36] and also tested to evaluate the hydrogen crossover rate in degraded MEAs. The simplified mathematical model based on Butler-Volmer equation for the electrochemical kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen reactions is proposed to analyze the polarization curves of single PEMFCs by computing the different overpotential components, which provide the best fitting of the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Francia

Ijeri

Specchia

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Francia

Ijeri

Specchia

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

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“…[ [95][96][97] Migration of Pt particles from the CL to the membrane. [95] Migration of Pt particles from the CL to the exhaust gases. [96] Hygrothermalinduced stresses Decrease in the thermal conductivity of the GDL upon increasing temperature.…”

Section: Vibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This expansion creates uneven stresses within the fuel cell stack that may damage the fuel cell components (e.g. GDL broken fibres, cracks, delamination and Pt particle migration[95]). In addition, as water thaws, its volume diminishes and the created stresses vanish.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mechanical compression on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells and analysis through in-situ characterisation techniques - A review

Khetabi

Bouziane

Zamel

et al. 2019

Journal of Power Sources

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One of the factors that affect the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance is the mechanical compression inside the stack. Although this compression plays an important role to ensure efficient gas sealing along with optimised electrical and thermal conductivities during PEFCs operation, excessive mechanical pressure may worsen the fuel cell performance through reducing the porosity and transport ability of PEFC components. In the last few years, intensive research studies have focused on the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) due to the strong relation of their compressibility with the performance of the PEFCs. A few review papers investigating the compression effect on individual fuel cell components have already been published. However, the evaluation of this effect on an operating PEFC has rarely been reviewed. This paper covers a comprehensive overview of the studies that have focused on the relationship between mechanical compression and the observed performance of a PEFC operating in real life conditions (in-situ). In this study, the effects of GDL properties with respect to the applied mechanical compression and the operating conditions are investigated. Much more work in literature has focused on GDL properties. Thus, an extended discussion is dedicated to this cell element in this paper.

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“…When Gavello et al [323] tried purging the cell with N 2 , air and H 2 gases, they found that the best combination is to use dry air and dry H 2 at the cathode and anode, respectively. With this purging strategy, MEAs exhibit the smallest loss in power density and minimal damage of their structure (e.g.…”

Section: Ice Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

137

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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Experimental studies on Nafion® 112 single PEM-FCs exposed to freezing conditions

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Estimation of hydrogen crossover through Nafion® membranes in PEMFCs

Effects of mechanical compression on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells and analysis through in-situ characterisation techniques - A review

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

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