Experimental Study on Fires Extinguishing Properties of Melamine Phosphate Powders

Fudang, Song; Du, Zhiming; Cong, Xiaomin; Linshuang, Zhao; Yan, Yonghong; Li, Lin-Ming

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.465

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Međutim, za svako sredstvo za gašenje požara karakteristično je jedno dominirajuće dejstvo. Tako na primer, osnovni efekat gašenja vodom je hlađenje žarišta i plamena, penom je izolacija, a prahom i halonima -inhibiranje [6][7][8].…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

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Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Mihajlovic

Đorđević

Jovanović

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

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This work presents a grinding process of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as an active component in a powder fire extinguisher (PFE). The aim was to determine the grinding time for reaching the optimal particle size of MAP necessary for permanent fire extinguishing. MAP grinding was performed by using a laboratory ceramic ball mill and a vibrating cup mill. The grinding process was controlled by sieving using a 100 ?m sieve at precisely defined time intervals. The efficiency of a PFE depends on the share of the -100 ?m fraction of the active component, which has to exceed 60 %. The optimal grain size with 64 % of fraction of particle size -100 ?m was obtained after 33 min of grinding of ?3000 ?m mm grain size MAP by using a ball mill (single-stage grinding). In two-stage process, by grinding the same initial MAP sample (?3000 ?m) in the vibro mill for 10 min, powder with the upper limit grain size of 300 ?m and the mean grain diameter of 120 ?m was obtained. This sample with a reduced size was further ground in the ceramic ball mill yielding 67.5 % of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m after 19 min. The total time of the two-stage grinding process was 29 min. By analyzing the grinding time of MAP required to get the lowest required share of the fraction of particle size -100 ?m that provides the effectiveness of formed PFE it can be concluded that 64 % of this fraction was obtained after 33 min of single-stage grinding, while only after 26 min in the two-stage process. Thus, the grinding time was reduced by 7 min indicating certain energy savings. Stability and hydrophobicity of the obtained PFE were achieved by coating with magnesium stearate (MgSt) at the content of 2 % in a ball mill for 15 min. The coating was confirmed by the standardized procedure for verification of PFE hydrophobic properties in contact with water drops. To obtained PFE had component mass ratios of MAP:AS:CC:QS:MgSt=55:20:18:5:2 (AS-ammonium sulfate; CC-calcium carbonate, QS-quartz sand) and was further characterized by chemical and granulometric analyses. The fire extinguishing efficiency of the PFE was tested in controlled conditions, whereby fires were initiated by burning solid materials and flammable liquids. In both cases, immediate elimination of flames was achieved, thus proving the efficiency of the PFE obtained in this work for practical applications.

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Section: Uvodunclassified

“…Dalje smanjenje veličine čestica ne dovodi do povećanja sposobnosti gašenja [4]. Rezultati istraživanja vezanih za utvrđivanje najoptimalnijeg granulometrijskog sastava praškastih SGP su pokazali da su to krupnoće između 10 i 75 µm, s tim da je većinski udeo čestica do 40 µm [10]. Pri tzv.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Mihajlovic

Đorđević

Jovanović

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

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“…The fire performance of wood-based products and test methods has been reviewed and studied extensively [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Traditional flame retardants, such as boron compounds, mineral acids, and inorganic salts, (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, guanylurea phosphate, guanidine phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, and melamine phosphate), may considerably improve the fire retardant properties of wood [23]. However, the use of boron and formaldehyde-based systems is likely to be declined in accordance with the growing awareness of environmental issues and consumer safety.…”

Section: Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Retardant Coatings

Mariappan¹

2017

New Technologies in Protective Coatings

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Fire retardant coatings are often required to protect a wide range of products of both flammable and nonflammable against fire. It is an oldest, most efficient, and easiest method to apply any surface without modifying the intrinsic properties of materials. Moreover, the initial phase of fire always occurs on the surface by ignition, and hence, it is important to concentrate on the surface protection of a material. Being an organic nature of conventional surface coating will burn easily and generate smoke and toxic fumes, which may not be suitable for application where fire protection or fire prevention is required. Reaction-to-fire and/or resistance-to-fire are to be considered for assessing both flammable and non-flammable material by using fire retardant and fire resistant or fire protective coatings. The degree of fire retardation mainly depends on the coating thickness, substrates, and efficiency of formulations. This chapter explains briefly the fire retardation of wood by using fire retardant coatings.

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“…Unfortunately, with such developed surfaces, there are problems with the agglomeration of powder microparticles, especially aerosols. The chemical composition of powders is not without significance [31,32]. Worldwide research in this aspect generally deals with the effect of alkali metal cations on quenching efficiency [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Humidity on the Atomization Process and Structure of Nanopowder Designed for Extinguishment

et al. 2021

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Increasingly, firefighting aerosols are being used to extinguish fires. It is assumed that the extinguishing mechanism involves breaking the chain of physicochemical reactions occurring during combustion by binding free radicals at ignition. The radicals are most likely formed from the transformation of water molecules, with the active surfaces of aerosol micro- or even nanoparticles. The aerosol extinguishing method is very effective even though it does not reduce oxygen levels in the air. In contrast to typical extinguishing powders, the aerosol leaves a trace amount of pollutants and, above all, does not adversely affect the environment by depleting the ozone layer and increasing greenhouse effects. Depending on how the firefighting generators are released, the aerosol can act locally or volumetrically, but depending on environmental conditions, its effectiveness can be variable. The article presents the influence of environmental humidity on the atomization of aerosol nanosize, which confirms the radical combustion mechanism. This paper presents the effect of environmental humidity on the atomization of aerosol superfine (nano) particles. The main focus was on the grain distribution and its effect on the surface activity of the FP-40C type firefighting aerosol. Changes in the characteristic parameters of the particle size distribution of RRSB (Rosin-Rammler-Sperling-Bennet) are presented.

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Experimental Study on Fires Extinguishing Properties of Melamine Phosphate Powders

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Optimization of the active component grinding process and hydrophobization of the obtained powder fire extinguisher

Fire Retardant Coatings

The Effect of Humidity on the Atomization Process and Structure of Nanopowder Designed for Extinguishment

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