Experimental study on fracture toughness and tensile strength of a clay

Wang, Junjie; Jun-gao, Zhu; Chiu, C. F.; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.06.005

Cited by 137 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Another inhibiting feature of crusts is that their fracture toughness K Ic should be higher than that of ice, given that a crust is an undifferentiated mixture of icy and rocky grains (F. Nimmo, personal communication). How much higher K Ic becomes is difficult to predict, but it could not be higher than its value for hydrated, loosely consolidated rock, about 0.5 MPa m 1/2 (Chen et al, 2000;Backers, 2005;Tromans and Meech, 2002;Wang et al, 2007), which is higher by a factor of about 5 than the value for pure ice. Finally, near-surface porosity could decrease the crustal density enough to impede ascent through the last kilometers of crust.…”

Section: Effect Of Internal Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

Prerequisites for explosive cryovolcanism on dwarf planet-class Kuiper belt objects

Neveu

Desch

Shock

et al. 2015

Icarus

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Explosive extrusion of cold material from the interior of icy bodies, or cryovolcanism, has been observed on Enceladus and, perhaps, Europa, Triton, and Ceres. It may explain the observed evidence for a young surface on Charon (Pluto's surface is masked by frosts). Here, we evaluate prerequisites for cryovolcanism on dwarf planet-class Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). We first review the likely spatial and temporal extent of subsurface liquid, proposed mechanisms to overcome the negative buoyancy of liquid water in ice, and the volatile inventory of KBOs. We then present a new geochemical equilibrium model for volatile exsolution and its ability to drive upward crack propagation. This novel approach bridges geophysics and geochemistry, and extends geochemical modeling to the seldom-explored realm of liquid water at subzero temperatures. We show that carbon monoxide (CO) is a key volatile for gas-driven fluid ascent; whereas CO 2 and sulfur gases only play a minor role. N 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 exsolution may also drive explosive cryovolcanism if hydrothermal activity produces these species in large amounts (a few percent with respect to water). Another important control on crack propagation is the internal structure: a hydrated core makes explosive cryovolcanism easier, but an undifferentiated crust does not. We briefly discuss other controls on ascent such as fluid freezing on crack walls, and outline theoretical advances necessary to better understand cryovolcanic processes. Finally, we make testable predictions for the 2015 New Horizons flyby of the Pluto-Charon system.

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Section: Effect Of Internal Structurementioning

confidence: 94%

Prerequisites for explosive cryovolcanism on dwarf planet-class Kuiper belt objects

Neveu

Desch

Shock

et al. 2015

Icarus

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“…The Mode I fracture toughness K Ic was found to be linearly related to the tensile strength, e.g., Jin et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2007. Therefore, high K Ic suggest high breakdown pressure or poor 'fracability'.…”

Section: Relevance For Prospectivity Of Shale Reservoirs and Hydraulimentioning

confidence: 98%

What controls the mechanical properties of shale rocks? – Part II: Brittleness

Rybacki

Meier

Dresen

2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

284

113

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Successful stimulation of shale gas reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing operations requires prospective rocks characterized by high brittleness to prevent fast healing of natural and hydraulically induced fractures and to decrease the breakdown pressure required to (re-) initiate a fracture. We briefly reviewed existing brittleness indices (B) and applied several, creep experiments are required to estimate in-situ stress anisotropy and the healing behavior of hydraulically induced fractures.

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“…Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) was commonly assumed with determination of fracture toughness (e.g. Wang 2007;Lakshmikantha 2009;Costa 2009;Konrad and Ayad 1997). Importance of considering elasto plastic nature of soil during fracture was highlighted by some researchers (Hallet and Newson, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include tensile strength measurements, which included direct (e.g. Nahlawi et al 2004;Wang et al 2007;Lakshmikantha 2009) and indirect (e.g. Konrad and Ayad 1997;Harrison et al 1994) tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation Cracking in Clayey Soils: Mechanisms and Modelling

Kodikara

Costa

2013

Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering

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Abstract. This paper presents a summary of the work undertaken on desiccation cracking in soils with special reference to the work undertaken by the authors and co-workers at Monash University. All areas of historical field observations, laboratory modelling and identified mechanisms are discussed briefly. Analytical and numerical approaches for modelling of the desiccation cracking and process are discussed. Cohesive crack approach is presented as a viable approach for modelling of desiccation cracking and fracture evolution catering for consistency change of soil during desiccation. It is highlighted that both tensile strength and crack opening displacement increases, thereby increasing the fracture energy of the soil as the moisture content reduces. This modelling approach can be extended to model wetting/drying cycles and to model crack dynamics. Associated moisture transfer modelling also needs to be advanced for a complete solution.

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Experimental study on fracture toughness and tensile strength of a clay

Cited by 137 publications

References 14 publications

Prerequisites for explosive cryovolcanism on dwarf planet-class Kuiper belt objects

Prerequisites for explosive cryovolcanism on dwarf planet-class Kuiper belt objects

What controls the mechanical properties of shale rocks? – Part II: Brittleness

Desiccation Cracking in Clayey Soils: Mechanisms and Modelling

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