Experimental study on sloshing characteristics in a pool with stratified liquids

Finite element method for analyzing effects of porous baffle on liquid sloshing in the two-dimensional tanks

“…Hasheminejad et al (2020) calculated the key water electrolytic response parameters under the external excitation of two-way seismic events. It is confirmed by Cheng et al (2020) that the impacts of pool depth, air pressure and liquid density on sloshing strength are significant. By analyzing the force on the tank and the pressure at the measuring points, the influences of the motion parameters on the sloshing were obtained by Ma et al (2020).…”

Experimental and numerical investigations into molten-pool sloshing motion for severe accident analysis of sodium-cooled fast reactors: A review

“…Focusing on the sloshing motions induced by local FCI, extensive experiments without hydraulic disturbances were conducted by Cheng et al (2018cCheng et al ( , 2020, who injected nitrogen gas into narrow 2D liquid pools (including pure and stratified liquid pools) to obtain better visualization (see Figure 6B). To simulate the co-existence of molten fuel and molten stainless steel, the stratified liquid was composed of transparent oil and colored water, which possessed comparable density and viscosity ratios to those expected to be crucial parameters affecting sloshing characteristics (Fauske and Koyama, 2002;Cheng et al, 2020).…”

“…Focusing on the sloshing motions induced by local FCI, extensive experiments without hydraulic disturbances were conducted by Cheng et al (2018cCheng et al ( , 2020, who injected nitrogen gas into narrow 2D liquid pools (including pure and stratified liquid pools) to obtain better visualization (see Figure 6B). To simulate the co-existence of molten fuel and molten stainless steel, the stratified liquid was composed of transparent oil and colored water, which possessed comparable density and viscosity ratios to those expected to be crucial parameters affecting sloshing characteristics (Fauske and Koyama, 2002;Cheng et al, 2020). Various parameters, such as the pressure of injected gas (P, 1.5-4.5 bar), the duration of gas injection (ΔT, 0.06-0.1 s), nozzle size (D n , 10-50 mm), and initial liquid (water or cleaning oil) depth (H w or H o , 10-60 cm), were investigated in experiments to comprehensively study the parametric effect on the sloshing motion.…”

“…In recent decades, it has become clear that an understanding of molten-pool sloshing motion is very important for the improved evaluation of SFR severe accident scenarios, particularly regarding energetic recriticality. A series of experimental investigations was carried out at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kyushu University, and Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) that considered various conditions, such as dam-break, fluid-step, and gas-injection conditions (Maschek et al, 1992a;Maschek et al, 1992b;Morita et al, 2014;Cheng et al, 2018c;Cheng et al, 2018d;Cheng et al, 2019a;Cheng et al, 2019b;Cheng et al, 2019c;Cheng et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2022). Basic mechanisms (e.g., peripheral pushing of molten fuel and gravitation-induced inward centralized sloshing) and important sloshing characteristics (e.g., the maximal inward and outward sloshing liquid heights) were phenomenologically observed via dam-break and fluid-step experiments (Maschek et al, 1992a;Maschek et al, 1992b), in which the outward and inward sloshing motions were both triggered by gravity.…”

“…Furthermore, aimed at a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the sloshing motion initiated by local FCI, a series of experimental investigations using the gas-injection method without hydraulic disturbances in pure liquid pools was conducted by Cheng et al (2018c), to investigate the flowregime patterns of sloshing motion in more detail. While observing that it is possible to find the co-existence of molten structural materials and fuel under actual accident conditions, Cheng et al (2020) performed further experimental investigations into sloshing motion in pools with liquid stratification. In addition to experiments in liquid pools without solid phases and considering the fact that, in an actual reactor accident, solid phase materials may be present in the pool as a result of incomplete melting of structural materials and fuel pellets (Liu et al, 2006(Liu et al, , 2007, experiments in liquid pools with solid phases (such as solid particles and solid obstacles with rod-shaped structures) have also been performed under dam-break and gas-injection conditions to accumulate valuable knowledge concerning the effects of solid phases on sloshing characteristics (Maschek et al, 1992a;Maschek et al, 1992b;Cheng et al, 2018d;Cheng et al, 2019a;Cheng et al, 2019b;Cheng et al, 2019c;Xu et al, 2022).…”