Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau

Zhang, Ying; Huang, Xinjie; Wang, Qingsong; Ji, Jie; Sun, Jinhua; Yin, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.101

Cited by 87 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface were studied by Zhang et al [1]. They conducted experiments on a plateau (Lhasa, China), where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that at sea level, to explore the environmental effects (especially the pressure effect) on XPS flame spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sample Width and Sidewalls on Downward Flame Spread over XPS Slabs

An¹,

Xiao²,

Sun³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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To study the effects of sample width and sidewalls on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene (XPS) slabs, a series of laboratory-scale experiments were conducted. Flame shape, flame spread rate, mass loss rate and temperature were recorded. For XPS without sidewalls, the average maximum flame height (H) and average flame area per unit of width (A/w) rise linearly with an increase in sample width (w) and mass loss rate per unit of width. When sidewalls are absent, flame spread rate first drops and then rises with an increase in width. This trend is determined by gas-phase heat transfer. When sidewalls are present, flame spread rate increases with a rise in width, and solid-phase heat conduction determines the trend. Sidewall effects are comprised of four aspects: oxygen concentration near the sidewalls and gypsum board is low, which leads to reduced flame heat flux; upward and front air flow is intensified; the flame is stretched, and the surface flame is weakened; and molten XPS mass decreases. For narrow samples, H and A/w with sidewalls are higher than those without sidewalls, while the reverse was observed in wider samples. The mass loss rate, preheating length and average flame spread rate with sidewalls are smaller than those obtained without sidewalls. Flame spread acceleration with sidewalls occurs at a broader width than that without sidewalls. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sample Width and Sidewalls on Downward Flame Spread over XPS Slabs

An¹,

Xiao²,

Sun³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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show abstract

“…The fire behaviors of thermal insulation materials, especially the flame spread behavior, have been investigated by some researchers. The effects of sample width and atmospheric pressure on horizontal flame spread over PU insulation material were studied by Zhou et al, while Zhang et al investigated the similar effects on polystyrene (PS) insulation material. Numerical equations were deduced by Jiang et al to calculate the rate of flame spread over horizontal PS foam considering sample width effect, and experiments were conducted to verify the numerical results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Yin

Chen

et al. 2018

Fire and Materials

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Summary Experimental methods and theoretical analysis are employed to investigate effects of channel opening area on downward flame spread characteristics of extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation materials on building facade. The average flame height first drops and then rises as dimensionless opening area (the ratio of sidewall opening area to sidewall area, ie, S*) increases. As S* rises, both the average and maximum temperature of the curtain wall decrease, and the decreasing of the average temperature is linear. XPS surface temperature history can be divided into four stages, ie, inapparent rising stage (preheating), significant rising stage (melting), dropping stage (pyrolysis), and rerising stage (ignition). The preheating length first rises and then drops as S* increases. The XPS flame spreads steadily at the early period while acceleration occurs at the later period. For different opening areas, the difference in spread distance history is not apparent in the early stage while this difference is significant in the later stage. The flame spread rate (Vf) first increases and then decreases as S* rises. A downward flame spread model for XPS in vertical channel with openings is built. The varied trend of Vf predicted using this model corresponds to the experimental result.

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“…The results showed that the toxicity of polystyrene and polyurethane foams were greater than glass wool and stone wool but smaller than polyisocya-nurate. Zhang et al (2011Zhang et al ( , 2013 conducted experiments on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over extruded polystyrene (XPS) surface on both plain and plateau. It was found that the heat transfer mechanism had changed with different sample widths: the flame spread was controlled by convection transfer regime initially while gradually changed to radiation regime as the sample width increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale experimental study on the fire hazard of buildings’ U-shape façade wall geometry

Yan

Jiang

et al. 2017

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

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Buildings have U-shape façade designs for certain purposes such as lighting. However, such designs may lead to a higher fire hazard. In this paper, large scale experiments of upward flame spread over XPS insulation material were conducted to investigate the fire hazard of building’s U-shape façade wall geometry. Comparison to previous laboratory scale experiments were also presented. Theoretical analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of the U-shape geometry’s influences. It is found that such geometry design would increase the fire hazard of buildings: flame spread rate and flame height increased with U-shape’s geometrical factor. The results agreed with theoretical analysis. It is expected that the buildings’ U-shape façade wall geometry would greatly benefit flame spread for full scale applications and increase the fire hazard. Thus engineers should be careful with such façade wall designs, especially for residential building designs.

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Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau

Cited by 87 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Sample Width and Sidewalls on Downward Flame Spread over XPS Slabs

Effects of Sample Width and Sidewalls on Downward Flame Spread over XPS Slabs

Study on downward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in a vertical channel: Influence of opening area

Large scale experimental study on the fire hazard of buildings’ U-shape façade wall geometry

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