Experimental study on the liquid slug of cryogenic slug flow in inclined tubes

Abstract

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer. The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter (ID) and 1.0 m in length. The range of the inclination angle is 45 • -90 • from the horizontal. The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes. Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data. The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity. The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ. For all cases, the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60 • . The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position. These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow.

Analysis of factors influencing women's participation in engineering education: An improved fuzzy DEMATEL approach

“…This conclusion aligns with an empirical study, revealing that external motivators such as job prospects and income considerations are instrumental in Chinese female students' decision-making process when selecting an engineering education [35]. The perception of engineering as a conduit to diverse employment opportunities and lucrative financial returns has encouraged women to gravitate toward engineering fields in China [35]. However, personal ability and role models were not found to be critical factors influencing WPEE in this study.…”

“…Second, we found that employment expectations (X 12 ) also play a significant role in promoting WPEE in the Chinese cultural context. This conclusion aligns with an empirical study, revealing that external motivators such as job prospects and income considerations are instrumental in Chinese female students' decision-making process when selecting an engineering education [35]. The perception of engineering as a conduit to diverse employment opportunities and lucrative financial returns has encouraged women to gravitate toward engineering fields in China [35].…”

“…On the one hand, this, to some extent, supports existing research findings, refuting the notion of gendered disparities in engineering abilities and instead highlighting women's preferences as a predominant factor [5,7]. As suggested by Wang et al [35], the ingrained belief in gender norms, epitomized by the adage "women can hold up half the sky," influences Chinese women to believe they are as capable as men in all fields. Therefore, personal ability was not a primary determinant influencing WPEE in this study.…”

Research on Design and Control Strategy of Novel Independent Metering System

“…(4) Throttling groove The effect of a pressure drop on the valve body space and throttling loss should be considered when designing the throttle groove of the valve port. Here, the valve port pressure drop ∆p = 1.4 MPa was taken, and the maximum flow area A max of the throttle groove was preliminarily estimated to be about [26,27]…”

“…The shape of the throttle valve port includes the milling groove type, semicircle moment type, semicircle type, cone type, triangular groove type, L-type, and multi-level throttling grooves composed of the aforementioned throttling grooves in series [26,27]. From the perspective of the linearization of flow regulation, V-shaped grooves were used.…”