Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications

Rollinson, Andrew N.; Williams, Orla

doi:10.1098/rsos.150578

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…and B. emarginata were 16.7 and 17.4 MJ kg −1 , respectively (Hazotte et al, 2017). These values are comparable with HHV of wood pellets (20 MJ kg −1 ; Rollinson and Williams, 2016).…”

Section: Energy Recoverysupporting

confidence: 77%

Developing Sustainable Agromining Systems in Agricultural Ultramafic Soils for Nickel Recovery

Kidd

Bani

Benizri

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Ultramafic soils are typically enriched in nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cobalt (Co) and deficient in essential nutrients, making them unattractive for traditional agriculture. Implementing agromining systems in ultramafic agricultural soils represent an ecological option for the sustainable management and re-valorisation of these low-productivity landscapes. These novel agroecosystems cultivate Ni-hyperaccumulating plants which are able to bioaccumulate this metal in their aerial plant parts; harvested biomass can be incinerated to produce Ni-enriched ash or "bio-ore" from which Ni metal, Ni ecocatalysts or pure Ni salts can be recovered. Nickel hyperaccumulation has been documented in ∼450 species, and in temperate latitudes these mainly belong to the family Brassicaceae and particularly to the genus Odontarrhena (syn. Alyssum pro parte). Agromining allows for sustainable metal recovery without causing the environmental impacts associated with conventional mining activities, and at the same time, can improve soil fertility and quality and provide essential ecosystem services. Parallel reductions in Ni phytotoxicity over time would also permit cultivation of conventional agricultural crops. Field studies in Europe have been restricted to Mediterranean areas and these only evaluated the Ni-hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena muralis s.l. Two recent EU projects (Agronickel and LIFE-Agromine) have established a network of agromining field sites in ultramafic regions with different edapho-climatic characteristics across Albania, Austria, Greece and Spain. Soil and crop management practices are being developed so as to Kidd et al. Sustainable Agromining Systems for Nickel Recovery optimize the Ni agromining process; field studies are evaluating the potential benefits of fertilization regimes, crop selection and cropping patterns, and bioaugmentation with plant-associated microorganisms. Hydrometallurgical processes are being up-scaled to produce nickel compounds and energy from hyperaccumulator biomass. Exploratory techno-economic assessment of Ni metal recovery by pyrometallurgical conversion of O. muralis s.l. shows promising results under the condition that heat released during incineration can be valorized in the vicinity of the processing facility.

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“…and B. emarginata were 16.7 and 17.4 MJ kg −1 , respectively (Hazotte et al, 2017). These values are comparable with HHV of wood pellets (20 MJ kg −1 ; Rollinson and Williams, 2016).…”

Section: Energy Recoverysupporting

confidence: 77%

Developing Sustainable Agromining Systems in Agricultural Ultramafic Soils for Nickel Recovery

Kidd

Bani

Benizri

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In addition, the torrefied pellet samples demonstrated higher activation energy values than the raw pellet sample, which assure the effect of torrefaction on the activation energy which is slightly increased. Previous works showed similar trend …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of torrefaction after densification on the fuel characteristics and the inherited gasification kinetics of Erianthus arundinaceus energy grass

Qadi

Kobayashi

Takeno

2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, a mixture of breeding lines of Erianthus arundinaceus energy grass was pretreated prior to gasification. Although biomass torrefaction and subsequent pelletizing of torrefied biomass (TOP process) have been studied in details, the torrefaction of pellets (TAP process) still in its infancy. Therefore, samples prepared by TAP, torrefaction‐only and pelletizing‐only were compared in terms of fuel characteristics and gasification kinetics. Results showed that the mass yield decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature, whereas the higher heating value (HHV) continued to increase with temperature, which can be seen in the evolution of O/C and H/C atomic ratios. Tradeoff between mass yield and HHV points to 250°C as the optimum torrefaction temperature, as mass yield above 76% could be achieved. TAP process was superior not only in terms of producing fuel with higher energy density, but also the gasification reactivity was higher than that of torrefied‐only or densified‐only samples, suggesting TAP is promising to be employed within the gasification process. Yet, conducting TAP under higher torrefaction temperatures may weaken the reactivity due to the more release of potassium during pyrolysis. Lastly, gasification kinetics data revealed that the pretreated samples exhibited slightly higher activation energy.

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“…The bulk density of the input material is an important factor in pelleting as the mills are fed by volume rather than weight ( Filbakk et al, 2011a ). The consideration for this property is a good estimator of pellet quality for fuel applications, as it equates to more energy per unit volume, and means greater economy in fuel use, transportation and storage space ( Rollinson & Williams, 2016 ). Low density values can negatively affect the energy density causing an increase in transportation and storage costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, mechanical and energy characterization of wood pellets obtained from three common tropical species

Artemio

Heya

Serafín

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe need for energy sources with low greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable production encourages the search for alternative biomass sources. However, the use of biomass fuels faces the problem of storage, transport and lower energy densities. Low-density values can negatively affect energy density, leading to an increase in transportation and storage costs. Use of pellets as alternative biomass source is a way to reduce the volume of biomass by densification, which improves their energy quality. They are produced by diverse biomass resources and mainly from wood materials. In all cases, it is important to evaluate the fuel characteristics, to determine their suitability on the heating system and handling properties.MethodsThe present study determines and compares data from proximate analysis, calorific values, physical and mechanical properties of wood pellets produced from the common tropical species Acacia wrightii, Ebenopsis ebano and Havardia pallens. Data were obtained from pellets produced from each species chips collected from an experimental plantation and analyzed through ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test at 0.05 significance level.ResultsThe results of diameter, length and length/diameter ratio didn’t show statistical differences (p > 0.05) among species. Acacia wrightii showed the highest density (1.2 g/cm3). Values on weight retained and compression test showed statistical differences (p = 0.05) among species. Havardia pallens was more resistant to compression strength than A. wrightii and Ebenopsis ebano. Statistical differences (p < 0.01) were also observed for the volatile matter and calorific value. E. ebano has the lowest volatile matter (72%), highest calorific value (19.6 MJ/kg) as well as the fixed carbon (21%).DiscussionThe pellets of the species studied have a high energy density, which makes them suitable for both commercial and industrial heating applications.A pellet with low compression resistance tends to disintegrate easily, due to moisture adsorption. The percentages obtained for the resistance index were higher than 97.5%, showing that the pellets studied are high-quality biofuels. Proximate analysis values also indicate good combustion parameters. Pellets of Acacia wrightii and Ebenopsis ebano are the more favorable raw material sources for energy purposes because of their high density, calorific value, low ash content and they also met majority of the international quality parameters.

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Experiments on torrefied wood pellet: study by gasification and characterization for waste biomass to energy applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Developing Sustainable Agromining Systems in Agricultural Ultramafic Soils for Nickel Recovery

Developing Sustainable Agromining Systems in Agricultural Ultramafic Soils for Nickel Recovery

Influence of torrefaction after densification on the fuel characteristics and the inherited gasification kinetics of Erianthus arundinaceus energy grass

Physical, mechanical and energy characterization of wood pellets obtained from three common tropical species

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