Experiments on tunneling and correlations

Andrei, Eva Y.; Yucel, S.; Menna, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.67.3704

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A similar phenomenon was observed in Ref. [12] at 20 ± 1 V. The agreement between the measured and calculated rates, with no adjustable parameters, is remarkably good (particularly with the delta potential) and the general characteristics of the model of Eq. (2), including both the ground state energy and the incorporation of the electron dynamics into a simple one-particle picture, are verified.…”

Section: Single-electron Tunneling From Bound States On the Surface Osupporting

confidence: 87%

“…At low temperatures, we observed a temperature-independent escape rate which was many orders of magnitude too large to be from ordinary single-electron tunneling. More recent work [12] measured rates in generally good agreement with the simple 1 D hydrogen model, but over an or-der of magnitude higher than those predicted by the above modified ID hydrogen model, leaving open the question of the effect of the dynamics of the 2D gas.…”

Section: Single-electron Tunneling From Bound States On the Surface Omentioning

confidence: 78%

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Single electron tunneling from bound states on the surface of liquid helium

1993

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We have measured tunneling rates for the escape of electrons from the surface of liquid helium. They agree with calculated results using a 1 D image potential previously determined by spectroscopy and a static, single-particle potential term incorporating the dynamics of the 2D electron gas.PACS numbers: 73.40.GkElectrons bound to the surface of liquid helium in a highly correlated 2D gas form an extremely clean and homogeneous system in which to study fundamental questions about quantum tunneling, including topics of such current interest as the tunneling time and the effect of coupling to other degrees of freedom. The system is free of impurities and defects, and the fundamental interactions are understood. The tunneling rate can be varied and measured over several orders of magnitude by applying an electric field of only a few tens of V/cm. This work directly studies the effect of the coupling of the tunneling particle to the other degrees of freedom represented by the dynamics of the 2D electron gas in a regime in which the tunneling is comparable to the response time of the other degrees of freedom. We show that this coupling can be incorporated into a single-particle potential, reducing the many-body dynamical problem to an effective single-particle problem. In addition, the strong dependence of the tunneling rate on the electron's ground state energy allows us to measure this energy and changes in it as the density profile of the helium surface changes.The tunneling rate is determined by the coupling of the tunneling electron to the He surface, an external dc electric field, and the Coulombic coupling to the other electrons in the 2D gas. We discuss each of these in turn. In the simplest model, the helium surface is treated as an infinitely sharp barrier of infinite height, forcing the electron wave function to be zero at the surface. Above the surface the electrons are attracted by a 1/z dielectric image potential. This model is exactly that of a onedimensional hydrogen atom with a reduced charge, and the bound states have a hydrogenlike spectrum. With a helium dielectric constant of fc= 1.057 23, this gives a ground state energy relative to the vacuum of ei = -7.64 K, and a Bohr radius of 76 A. The surface barrier, however, can be neither infinitely sharp nor infinitely high. The barrier height has been measured to be approximately 1 eV. It is known that the small penetration of the wave function into the helium results in significant changes in the energy levels (and thus in the tunneling rate) due to the near singularity at the surface [1,2]. The level spacings have been measured accurately [3] and were found consistent with a corrected ID hydrogenatom-like potential of the formwhere Ko = l eV and j8 = 1.04 A. This potential gives £1 = -8.01 K, which is approximately 5% larger than that given by the simple ID hydrogen atom. Previously there has been no confirmation that this potential gives the correct ground state energy. Our present work confirms that the e\ given by Eq. (1) is correct to within 1%.T...

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Section: Single-electron Tunneling From Bound States On the Surface Osupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Single-electron Tunneling From Bound States On the Surface Omentioning

confidence: 78%

Single electron tunneling from bound states on the surface of liquid helium

1993

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“…In this Letter we report on swept frequency measurements [9] (10-3000MHz) of the surface impedance in the mixed state of the low T c superconductor 2H-NbSe 2 . The results are in good agreement with mean-field calculations of the electromagnetic response [7] which include contributions from Cooper pairs, the normal fluid, flux flow and pinning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

ac Dynamics of a Pinned Flux-Line Lattice

Henderson

Andrei

Higgins³

et al. 1998

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The surface impedance of 2H-NbSe 2 in the mixed state was measured over the frequency range 10 -3000 MHz in fields up to 2 T. A crossover between pinned and viscous flux-line dynamics is observed at a pinning frequency, v p . The measured v p is compared to that predicted by a singleparticle "washboard potential" model of pinning. When the flux lattice is in an ordered state, v p is in good agreement with the model. However, when it is in a metastable disordered state, v p is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than expected, indicating the appearance of internal degrees of freedom and glassy dynamics. [S0031-9007(97)04967-3]

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“…The conventional Fokker-Planck equation, applicable to weakly coupled plasmas (lnAb > 10), is therefore only accurate to within an order of the Coulomb logarithm [4,5,29,54,55]. However, there is a large class of plasmas for which the approximation is invalid [13]: strongly coupled plasmas at one extreme (InAb < 1) [12,30,31,32,33], and moderately coupled ones in the intermediate regime (2 < lnAb < 10) [34,35,36,37,38,39]. It is to the moderately coupled plasmas, as exemplified by short-pulse laser plasmas [40,41,42,43], inertia, confinement fusion plasmas [56], x-ray laser plasmas [44,45] and the solar core [46], to which our modifications of the Fokker-Planck equation are directed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual study of moderately coupled plasmas and experimental comparison of laboratory x-ray sources

Li¹

1993

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Experiments on tunneling and correlations

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Single electron tunneling from bound states on the surface of liquid helium

Single electron tunneling from bound states on the surface of liquid helium

ac Dynamics of a Pinned Flux-Line Lattice

Conceptual study of moderately coupled plasmas and experimental comparison of laboratory x-ray sources

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