Experiments with pigs on a pellagra-producing diet

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of adding crystalline niacin to low-protein diets on pig performance from weaning to market weight. Niacin was added at 0, 3, 9, 27, or 81 ppm to a low-protein test (LPT) diet fortified with crystalline amino acids and at 0 or 81 ppm to a positive control (PC) diet. Pens (four pigs/pen) were the experimental units with 12 and 8 pens per treatment during the 35-d nursery and 98-d growing-finishing phases, respectively. Niacin supplementation did not affect (P > .10) ADFI, ADG, gain:feed ratio, hair and skin condition, or the incidence of toe cracks and lameness during the nursery or the growing-finishing phases. There were no linear, quadratic, or cubic responses (P > .20) with increasing concentrations of added niacin in the LPT diets for the production criteria measured. Also, there were no interactions (P > .20) between niacin (0 or 81 ppm) and protein level (LPT or PC diets) for any of the criteria studied. Pigs fed the PC diets had greater (P < .05) ADFI, ADG, and gain:feed ratios over the entire experiment than pigs fed the LPT diets that contained 0 or 81 ppm of added niacin. In conclusion, the addition of niacin to low-protein or positive control corn-soybean meal diets did not improve pig performance criteria from weaning to market weight.

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“…Dermatitis and a rough appearing haircoat are symptoms of niacin (Birch et al, 1937;Hughes, 1943) and biotin (Lehrer et al, 1952;Bonjour, 1977)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of niacin additions to corn-soybean meal diets on performance of pigs from weaning to finishing

Ivers

Veum

1993

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Somewhat similar experiments have been reported on dogs (17)(18)(19)(20), on rats (21-25), on pigs (26)(27)(28)(29), and on pigeons (30,31). It is impossible to say at the present time which of these experimental blood dyscrasias may be the result of the deficiency that we are dealing with in our experiments on the monkey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Nutritional Cytopenia in Monkeys Receiving the Goldberger Diet

Day

Langston

Darby

et al. 1940

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Experiments are reported upon young rhesus monkeys which were given a diet essentially the same as the Goldberger black tongue-producing diet, supplemented in various ways. Those receiving the unsupplemented diet developed the syndrome characterized by leucopenia, anemia, gingivitis, diarrhea, and death, which has been previously described in monkeys receiving our diet of refined foodstuffs. An animal receiving the Goldberger diet supplemented with ascorbic acid and liver extract exhibited normal growth and development and has maintained a normal blood picture for approximately 2 years. Likewise, the feeding of a crude liver extract to an animal with profound anemia and leucopenia was followed by a dramatic reticulocyte response and ultimate recovery. However, the ash of liver extract failed to maintain a normal blood picture or to prolong life. Supplementing the diet with ascorbic acid, thiamin chloride, nicotinic acid (or amide), and riboflavin failed to prevent the leucopenia, gingivitis, diarrhea, and death. The combination of nicotinic acid and riboflavin, however, appeared to have a definite erythropoietic effect. Shigella paradysenteriae was isolated from the stools of several of the animals which received the deficient diet. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the deficiency, the infection, and the blood picture. Three of the animals exhibited edema of the face. It is evident that the Goldberger diet, even when supplemented with nicotinic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, and ascorbic acid, is inadequate for maintenance of health in the young monkey. The nature of the deficiency manifestations would indicate that the diet is deficient in the substance or substances which we have previously termed vitamin M.

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“…The diagnosis of scurvy was confirmed at autopsy by the findings of hemorrhage into the joints, subperiosteum, and in one instance, into the gastrointestinal tract. (16) (20), leucopenia (9c) (20), and diarrhea (9a) (20) have been observed in monkeys; and diarrhea has been described in other species (17).…”

Section: Discussion Of Tablementioning

confidence: 96%