Expert System Approach to the Assessment of Spiritual Intelligence Impact for Decisionmaking Performance

Abstract

Background: In contrast to the rational (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ), spiritual intelligence (SQ) is often underestimated and insufficiently investigated. This type of intelligence refers to our approach to the issue of the meaning and value of life, in terms that our actions are placed in a wider context. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate in which extent spiritual intelligence determines the decision making process. In this context, the success of business decision is assigned as its functionality as one of the most prominent feature of successful decision. Methods: The inductive method of building an expert system, i.e. a knowledge based system (Doctus Knowledge-Based Expert System Shell) and casebased concluding on the degree of informativeness (with a key impact on functionality of decision) of individual components (Case Based Reasoning) are used in testing this relationship. Results: The study demonstrates the fact that most of respondents (managers) have not been even familiar with attributes of SI as well as their relationship with decision making process. Conclusions: Identification of the most significant components of SI that affect effectiveness of decisions would allow managers to focus on those which mostly contribute to the functionality of their decisions.

The Effectiveness of Islamic Work Value on Medical Career Planning Web Application for Analysis Anticipated Work-Family Conflict

“…This new knowledge should be based on use of "soft methods" in assessment of significance of the individual Islamic work values, career planning, and anticipated work-family conflict components in order to improve decision-making process. For the research purposes, a prototype expert system will analyze 60 components, and to "suggest" the most informative criteria in relation to the functionality of decisions [23].…”

Preventing Compassion Fatigue Amongst Pastors: The Influence of Spiritual Intelligence and Intrinsic Motivation

“…We therefore propose with only a certain degree of confidence that one of the means by which pastors can overcome, or prevent, compassion fatigue is to place focus on developing their levels of SQ. Stupar et al (2013) state that SQ is promoted through meditation, taking time to be silent, spending time in nature, being accepting of one's situation, listening to one's own heart, trusting God in big decisions, and remaining in a state of introspection. Moreover, Zohar and Marshall (as cited in Niţă, 2014), explain that spiritual intelligence is developed through individuals being aware of their current state, feeling a strong desire to change themselves and grow, reflecting on one's deepest motivations, discovering and dissolving obstacles, exploring possibilities when moving forward, devoting to a particular path, and remaining open to new paths or new possibilities.…”

“…It allows individuals to feel that they have a greater purpose and meaning to fulfill in their lives and leads to an increased feeling of self-awareness (Stupar, Pilav-Velić, & Šahić, 2013), offering individuals direction and resulting in an ability to demonstrate forgiveness towards others (Shabnam & Tung, 2013). SQ aids individuals in handling limitations and discerning how to handle complex situations (Stupar et al, 2013) and also promotes an increase in the psychological well-being of individuals (Sahebalzamani, Farahani, Abasi, & Talebi, 2013). Moreover, SQ is said to promote better interpersonal communication and im-proved working relationships as a result of a high emotional intelligence (EQ; Joseph & Sailakshmi, 2011).…”

“…These authors also found that those with high levels of SQ were better equipped to handle stressful events and solve problems seamlessly. Stupar et al (2013) state that a well-balanced individual should demonstrate intelligence in three areas: their traditional intelligence quotient (IQ), their EQ, and their SQ. Shabnam and Tung (2013) state that these three forms of intelligence are fundamental to effective leadership.…”

“…Participants noted that they relied on God for strength and guidance at work. Meanwhile, pastors who have a high level of SQ are believed to experience peace, harmony, and greater self-awareness, and to seek out more meaning in life (Niţă, 2014;Stupar et al, 2013). This greater meaning or purpose is aligned with Renard and Snelgar's (2017) understanding of intrinsic motivation, suggesting that pastors who demonstrate high SQ will experience heightened intrinsic motivation.…”