Explaining category-related effects in the retrieval of conceptual and lexical knowledge for concrete entities: operationalization and analysis of factors

Tranel, Daniel; Logan, Christine G.; Frank, Randall; Damásio, António R.

doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00086-9

Cited by 156 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Following Kurbat (1997) and Tranel, Logan, Frank, and Damasio (1997), we used only the external edges. The primary benef it of using the whole edge map is that it includes more information and edges that are likely to be used by the subjects to identify the object.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Levin

Takarae

Miner

et al. 2001

Perception & Psychophysics

115

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In this report, we explored the features that support visual search for broadly inclusive natural categories. We used a paradigm in which subjects searched for a randomly selected target from one category (e.g., one of 32 line drawings of artifacts or animals in displays ranging from three to nine items) among a mixed set of distractors from the other. We found that search was surprisingly fast. Targetpresent slopes for animal targets among artifacts ranged from 10.8 to 16.0 msec/item, and slopes for artifact targets ranged from 5.5 to 6.2 msec/item. Experiments 2-5 tested factors that affect both the speed of the search and the search asymmetry favoring detection of artifacts among animals. They converge on the conclusion that target-distractor differences in global contour shape (e.g., rectilinearity/ curvilinearity) and visual typicality of parts and form facilitate search by category. We argue that existing theories are helpful in understanding these findings but that they need to be supplemented to account for the specific features that specify categories and to account for subjects' ability to quickly locate targets representing heterogeneous and formally complex categories.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Levin

Takarae

Miner

et al. 2001

Perception & Psychophysics

115

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“…Forde, Francis, Riddoch, Rumiati, and Humphreys (1997), as well as Tranel, Logan, Frank, and Damasio (1997), observed poorer naming performance for line drawings of objects comprising categories of structurally similar exemplars. These authors reasoned that patients who are impaired at identifying a lion, a tiger, and a leopard, but are unimpaired at identifying a hammer, a saw, and a screwdriver, show this pattern at least in part, because the cats are more visually similar to each other than the tools are.…”

Section: Visual Similaritymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Objective measures use various algorithms to measure the degree of structural overlap between depictions of objects; subjective measures use similarity ratings between two or more objects. Tranel et al (1997) used within-category shape overlap as an objective measure of within-category shape similarity. They defined a region of interest (ROI), which was essentially the outer contour of each object used.…”

Section: Visual Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the structural determinants of object confusion in memory: An assessment of psychophysical approaches to estimating visual similarity

Desmarais

Dixon

2005

Perception & Psychophysics

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Computer-generated shapes varying on visual dimensions such as curvature, tapering, and thickness have been used to investigate identification deficits in the category-specific visual agnosia (CSVA) Patient E.L.M.. However, whether the implemented variations on each of these dimensions were perceived by novice observers as "similar amounts of change" is unknown. To estimate distance in psychophysical shape space, sets of shapes were developed using two different scaling methods-an objective method based on visual search, and a subjective method based on judgments of similarity-and a third approach that did not involve scaling. How well each method estimated psychophysical shape space was assessed by measuring the confusions within memory among the shapes. The results suggested that, although neither of the approaches perfectly reflected psychophysical shape space, subjective scaling was a better estimator of distance in psychophysical shape space than were other approaches. The number of confusions produced on each set of shapes was used to develop a new set of shapes that accurately estimated distance in psychophysical shape space. These results suggest that a combination of approaches is preferable in order to accurately estimate distance in psychophysical shape space.

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“…Laws & Neve, 1999). Quality of experience is a rather loose concept, but we attempted to operationalise it by taking some of the components suggested by Tranel, Logan, Frank, and Damasio (1997) into account. These are "value to perceiver", i.e., how the item is important in everyday life, and characteristic sensory modality of transaction, i.e., how frequently transaction through touch and/or vision and/or hearing was part of the participant's experience with the item.…”

Section: Cognitivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…d Data from Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980). e Combined values from Snodgrass and Vanderwart's (1980) familiarity ratings, and from ratings of "Value to perceiver" and "modality of transaction" (vision, audition, touch), inspired by Tranel, Logan, Frank, and Damasio's (1997) work.…”

Section: Assumptions About Models Of Semantic Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

The fur of the crocodile and the mooing sheep: A study of a patient with a category-specific impairment for biological things

Kolinsky¹,

Fery²,

Messina³

et al. 2002

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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We report a single case study of a brain-damaged patient, ER, who showed a remarkably consistent category-specific deficit for living things. His impairment was observed across tasks (naming, definition, matching, drawing from memory, questionnaires), input modalities (visual, verbal, nonverbal auditory), and output modalities (verbal vs. pointing or visual matching responses) as well as for different types of knowledge. Although visual knowledge of living things was severely affected, his category-specific impairment in nonverbal sound recognition is inconsistent with models of category-specific deficits based on pre-semantic visual descriptions. ER's deficit cannot fully be explained by item typicality, word frequency, visual complexity, homomorphy, age of acquisition, value to perceiver, or modality of transaction. Furthermore, in ER, contextual cues were even slightly detrimental for the recognition of animals. ER's naming and recognition errors were constrained by the categorical structure of the knowledge base: In most cases they respected both the second-and first-order superordinates. In particular, ER's knowledge of shared categorical properties related to biological function was almost spared. This result is compatible with the idea that, for living things, shared functional properties and shared perceptual properties are strongly correlated. Feature-based models assuming perceptual vs. functional semantic components cannot account for ER's deficit, since for living things he was impaired on both kinds of features to a similar extent. ER's behaviour is quite consistent with the notion that conceptual knowledge is organised categorically in the brain, with one or several specialised subsystems for biologically related entities. 301Requests for reprints should be addressed to Régine Kolinsky, Unité de Recherche en Neurosciences Cognitives (UNESCOG), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 191, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium (Fax: 32-2-650.22.09; Email: rkolins@ulb.ac.be).We wish to thank Tim Shallice for very helpful discussions on a former version of the manuscript, as well as the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive comments. We also thank all the people who participated in the present study, including the members of the Research Unit in Cognitive Neuroscience and of the Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale of the Université Libre de Bruxelles, who were prepared to spend several hours filling in questionnaires. This work was supported by A.F.R.F.C.-F.N.R.S. grant. Downloaded by [Archives & Bibliothèques de l'ULB] at 06:20 10 July 2015The observation of specific semantic memory disorders, i.e., that some patients exhibit a selective loss of knowledge of items from certain categories, for example biological (or living) entities, by comparison with nonbiological (or non-living) objects, has generated a large debate about the internal organisation of the semantic system (see recent reviews, e.g., in Caramazza, 1998;Forde & Humphreys, 1999;Humphreys & Forde, 2001;...

show abstract

Explaining category-related effects in the retrieval of conceptual and lexical knowledge for concrete entities: operationalization and analysis of factors

Cited by 156 publications

References 51 publications

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Efficient visual search by category: Specifying the features that mark the difference between artifacts and animals in preattentive vision

Understanding the structural determinants of object confusion in memory: An assessment of psychophysical approaches to estimating visual similarity

The fur of the crocodile and the mooing sheep: A study of a patient with a category-specific impairment for biological things

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