“…Common SiO 2 sources used herein include tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS), tetra methoxy vinylsilane (TMVS), tetra butoxy silane (TBOS), tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) orthosilicate (THEOS), tetra propyl ortho-silicate (TPOS), trimethoxy silane (TMS) and sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ). Noted catalysts in the process include NaOH, HCl, NH 3 , diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) [ 27 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The surfactant used in the MSNPs’ synthesis is the reason for the varied morphologies, from dispersed monospheres to agglomerates, manifested from altered TEOS hydrolysis and CTAB micellization.…”