Explorable three‐dimensional digital model of the female pelvis, pelvic contents, and perineum for anatomical education

Sergovich, Aimee Lynn; Johnson, Marjorie; Wilson, Timothy D.

doi:10.1002/ase.135

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The model will be created using Amira 1 , version 5.0 (Mercury Computer Systems/TGS, San Diego, CA), a software program that has been successfully used to develop educational models of the head and neck regions from computed tomography imaging and the female pelvis from the visible human project (Nguyen and Wilson, 2009;Sergovich et al, 2010). In addition to a stand-alone digital model, an animation depicting the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the ventricular system, around the central nervous system, and back into the venous system was created.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual cerebral ventricular system: An MR‐based three‐dimensional computer model

Adams¹,

Wilson²

2011

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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The inherent spatial complexity of the human cerebral ventricular system, coupled with its deep position within the brain, poses a problem for conceptualizing its anatomy. Cadaveric dissection, while considered the gold standard of anatomical learning, may be inadequate for learning the anatomy of the cerebral ventricular system; even with intricate dissection, ventricular structures remain difficult to observe. Three-dimensional (3D) computer reconstruction of the ventricular system offers a solution to this problem. This study aims to create an accurate 3D computer reconstruction of the ventricular system with surrounding structures, including the brain and cerebellum, using commercially available 3D rendering software. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of a male cadaver were segmented using both semiautomatic and manual tools. Segmentation involves separating voxels of different grayscale values to highlight specific neural structures. User controls enable adding or removing of structures, altering their opacity, and making cross-sectional slices through the model to highlight inner structures. Complex physiologic concepts, such as the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, are also shown using the 3D model of the ventricular system through a video animation. The model can be projected stereoscopically, to increase depth perception and to emphasize spatial relationships between anatomical structures. This model is suited for both self-directed learning and classroom teaching of the 3D anatomical structure and spatial orientation of the ventricles, their connections, and their relation to adjacent neural and skeletal structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual cerebral ventricular system: An MR‐based three‐dimensional computer model

Adams¹,

Wilson²

2011

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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“…Compatibility of cross--sectional data together with impressive development in technology and imaging methods makes it possible for development of 3D anatomic models (Sergovich et al, 2010). Visualisation of organs and synchronisation as well as various functional modules are revealed by 3D models (Choi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Virtual Model Usage In Anatomy Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Virtual Anatomic Models to Medical Education

Ozkadif¹,

Eken²

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg.

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Abstract:Together with developing computer technology, a trail is also blazed in medical education. Virtual model formation by three--dimensional imaging and reconstruction is a technology used especially in anatomy education as well as surgery, pathology, biopsy, forensic medicine, sports medicine and plastic reconstruction. These models, as used in anatomy education of human and veterinary medicine, became a more attractive material for students by decreasing the number of cadavers. The models obtained are used in planning of surgery and biopsy, comprehension of pathology, in biopsy education and in measuring all organs and structures with high accuracy as a result of autopsy in forensic medicine.Moreover, several experiments and observations performed on virtual models in sports medicine are used in prevention of disablements, in the determination of deformations in structures and in revealing possible results of postoperative period in plastic reconstruction. Thus, virtual anatomic models benefited in education, diagnosis and treatment period in medical field will be more developed and commonly used in the future.Key words: Anatomy, Education, Medical, Virtual model. Sanal Anatomik Modellerin Medikal Eğitime KatkısıÖzet: Gelişen bilgisayar teknolojisi ile birlikte, medikal eğitiminde de bir çığır açılmıştır. Üç boyutlu görüntüleme ve rekonstrüksiyon ile virtual model oluşturma; başta anatomi eğitimi olmak üzere, cerrahi, patoloji, biyopsi, adli tıp, spor hekimliği ve plastik rekonstrüksiyonda kullanılan bir teknolojidir. Beşeri ve veteriner hekimlikte anatomi eğitiminde kullanılan bu modeller kadavra sayısını azaltarak, öğrenci için daha dikkat çekici bir materyal haline gelmiştir. Elde edilen modeller, cerrahi ve biyopsinin planlanmasında, patolojinin kavranmasında, biyopsi eğitiminde, adli tıpta otopsi sonucunda bütün organların ve yapıların yüksek doğruluklu ölçümlerinin yapılmasında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, spor hekimliğinde virtual modeller üzerinde gerçekleştirilen birtakım deney ve gözlemler sakatlanmaların önüne geçilmesinde ve yapılardaki deformasyonların tespitinde, plastik rekonstrüksiyonda ise postoperatif dönemdeki muhtemel sonuçların ortaya çıkartılmasında kullanılmaktadır. Böylece, medikal alanda eğitim, teşhis ve tedavi sürecinde faydalanılan virtual anatomik modeller, gelecekte daha da geliştirilerek, kullanımı yaygın hale getirilecektir.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12] and regression analysis. An unseen test set containing clinical data from 12088 patients was used.…”

Section: Accuracy Comparison Of Ann Regression and Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel anatomical model of spinal ligaments in the back is then developed for epidural training. Whilst detailed models for other body parts such as pelvis are available [12], no quantitative anatomical model of the ligaments in the back exists in the literature. The ligament model can adjust in size and thickness to match any patient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric model of human body shape and ligaments for patient-specific epidural simulation

Vaughan

Dubey

Wee

et al. 2014

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

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Objective: This work builds upon the concept of matching a person's weight, height and age to their overall body shape to create an adjustable three-dimensional model. A versatile and accurate predictor of body size and shape and ligament thickness is required to improve simulation for medical procedures. A model which is adjustable for any size, shape, body mass, age or height would provide ability to simulate procedures on patients of various body compositions.Methods: Three methods are provided for estimating body circumferences and ligament thicknesses for each patient. The first method is using empirical relations from body shape and size. The second method is to load a dataset from a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI) or ultrasound scan containing accurate ligament measurements. The third method is a developed artificial neural network (ANN) which uses MRI dataset as a training set and improves accuracy using error back-propagation, which learns to increase accuracy as more patient data is added. The ANN is trained and tested with clinical data from 23088 patients. Results:The ANN can predict subscapular skinfold thickness within 3.54mm, waist circumference 3.92cm, thigh circumference 2.00cm, arm circumference 1.21cm, calf circumference 1.40cm, triceps skinfold thickness 3.43mm. Alternative regression analysis method gave overall slightly less accurate predictions for subscapular skinfold thickness within 3.75mm, waist circumference 3.84cm, thigh circumference 2.16cm, arm circumference 1.34cm, calf circumference 1.46cm, triceps skinfold thickness 3.89mm.for male or female patients aged 8-85. These calculations are used to display a 3D graphics model of the patient's body shape using OpenGL and adjusted by 3D mesh deformations. Conclusions:A patient-specific epidural simulator is presented using the developed body shape model, able to simulate needle insertion procedures on a 3D model of any patient size and shape.The developed ANN gave the most accurate results for body shape, size and ligament thickness.The resulting simulator offers the experience of simulating needle insertions accurately whilst allowing for variation in patient body mass, height or age.

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Explorable three‐dimensional digital model of the female pelvis, pelvic contents, and perineum for anatomical education

Cited by 62 publications

References 30 publications

Virtual cerebral ventricular system: An MR‐based three‐dimensional computer model

Virtual cerebral ventricular system: An MR‐based three‐dimensional computer model

Contribution of Virtual Anatomic Models to Medical Education

Parametric model of human body shape and ligaments for patient-specific epidural simulation

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