Exploration of a Method for Standardizing Hemorrhagic Shock

Wiggers, Carl J.; Werle, J. M.

doi:10.3181/00379727-49-13645

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Traditionally, dogs are the preferred animals in the design of experimental hemorrhagic shock models. Efforts to standardize the experimental shock insult included control of volume depletion [1], control of blood pressure reduction [2], and control of accumulated O 2 debt [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Continue Research in Splenectomized Dogs? <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis:</i> Old Problem – New Insight

Kemming

Messick

Mueller³

et al. 2004

Eur Surg Res

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We report the appearance of a Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in laboratory dogs, which has been reported previously, yet, never before in Europe. Outbreak of the disease was triggered by a splenectomy intended to prepare the dogs for a hemorrhagic shock study. The clinical course of the dogs was dramatic including anorexia and hemolytic anemia. Treatment included allogeneic transfusion, prednisone, and oxytetracycline. Systematic follow-up (n = 12, blood smears, antibody testing and specific polymerase chain reaction) gives clear evidence that persistent eradication of M. haemocanis is unlikely. We, therefore, had to abandon the intended shock study. In the absence of effective surveillance and screening for M. haemocanis, the question arises whether it is prudent to continue shock research in splenectomized dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Continue Research in Splenectomized Dogs? <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis:</i> Old Problem – New Insight

Kemming

Messick

Mueller³

et al. 2004

Eur Surg Res

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“…Normovolemic shock [according to Wiggers and Werle,24]. Nine heparinized dogs were bled into a siliconized plastic reservoir kept at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs Without Major Pulmonary Changes

Silberschmid¹,

Szczepanski²

1975

Eur Surg Res

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Dogs were submitted to one of three hemorrhagic shock procedures: normovolemic shock, oligemic hypotension or posthemorrhagic hypotension. 13 animals fulfilled well-defined criteria of irreversible hemorrhagic shock, based on mortality, take-up volume and metabolic changes. Lung function was measured at regular intervals. Lungs were fixed by infusion fixation. The macroscopical aspect of the lungs was not different from that of six control dogs which were anesthetized for the same period. Minor microscopical changes were found, but the only histological parameter which was significantly different from the controls was accumulation of granulocytes. Gas exchange remained normal, ventilation was increased with an enlarged dead space and veno-arterial shunting was reduced. Pulmonary vascular resistance was not different from the control group.

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“…To reduce the effect of dif ferences in perfusion pressure, we chose a modified Wiggers model [11] in which animals were bled down to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg (no retransfu sion). Monitoring of blood flow was investigated during the spontaneous recovery period of 120 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pentobarbital, Propofol and Ketamine on Skeletal Muscle Capillary Perf usion during Hemorrhage: A Comparative Study in the Rabbit

Gustafsson¹,

Sjöberg

Lewis³

et al. 1995

Int J Microcirc

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Anesthetics affect tissue blood flow, which is of importance especially in situations of inadequate perfusion, as in hemorrhage. The present study compared the effect of three commonly used anesthetic agents on skeletal muscle capillary and regional blood flow during and after recovery from hemorrhage. Three groups of rabbits were anesthetized randomly with either pentobarbital, propofol or ketamine, chosen such that the anesthetic level, blood pressure and withdrawn blood volume were comparable in all groups. Capillary blood flow was measured using a local hydrogen clearance technique with a multiwire microelectrode, placed on the left vastus medialis muscle surface, and the contralateral site served for regional microcirculatory blood flow measurements using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Hemorrhage was induced by withdrawal of blood to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg and monitoring was continued during the subsequent spontaneous recovery period of 120 min. Both capillary and regional blood flow decreased significantly during hemorrhage in all groups. The flow values in the pentobarbital group were given a mean value of 100% and the other two groups were compared with this. Local hydrogen clearance flow decreased from a relative baseline level of 100 to 64% during hemorrhage with pentobarbital, from 87 to 43% with propofol and from 146 to 70% with ketamine. Laser-Doppler flowmetry flow decreased from relative baseline levels of 100, 96 and 139%, to 71, 77 and 103%, respectively, during hemorrhage, whereas the percentage of zero capillary flow values increased from 4 to 34, 19 to 50 and 5 to 27% in the three groups, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that capillary perfusion is best maintained in the ketamine group followed by pentobarbital and propofol last. Furthermore, the flow distribution shapes for each anesthetic indicate a more pronounced deregulation of capillary blood flow in the propofol group than in the others, even at baseline.

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Exploration of a Method for Standardizing Hemorrhagic Shock

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Can We Continue Research in Splenectomized Dogs? <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis:</i> Old Problem – New Insight

Can We Continue Research in Splenectomized Dogs? <i>Mycoplasma haemocanis:</i> Old Problem – New Insight

Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs Without Major Pulmonary Changes

Influence of Pentobarbital, Propofol and Ketamine on Skeletal Muscle Capillary Perf usion during Hemorrhage: A Comparative Study in the Rabbit

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