"Exploration of Controlled Hypoglycemic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes and Antibacterial Activity of Combination of Ethanolic Extract of Garlic (Allium Sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) Stem; In Vivo Studies Supported by In Silico Study"

Abstract

Ginger and Garlic have high pharmacological properties. Garlic and ginger stem extract (1:1) with absolute ethanol (GGESE) has been studied for their potential health benefits, including antidiabetic, antibacterial effects as well as their potentiality to aid in body weight reduction. Normal food along with GGESE extract was given to two groups of mice, and a weight variation test was performed. Along with normal foods, after 13 weeks of GGESE administration a moderately weight loss was observed in male mice group, and the difference was statistically significant. Two hours before blood collection, a single dose of 400, 800 mg/kg of the GGESE extract was given orally to control/experimental group of mice to determine the effects on blood glucose (BG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice, the test group, was treated at same dosage level to examine its antidiabetic effects in terms of BG control, body weight. The dose of 800 mg/kg showed the highest BG reduction that was from 19.7±0.51 mg/dl to 11.78±0.57 mg/dl in diabetic mice (𝑝 < 0.01). By identifying the zone of inhibition against different gram positive and gram-negative bacteria, antibacterial activity was evaluated at 1000, 800 and 600 μg/disc mg/ ml concentration of the extract. 1000 μg/disc showed highest zone of inhibition for S. aureus (18±0.97 mm), B. cereus (16±0.83 mm), S. typhi (15±0.81 mm), P. aeruginosa (16±0.59 mm). Furthermore, during our docking study, it was observed that ginger and garlic exhibited the highest fitness scores of -5.71 and -6.04, respectively, when interacting with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) enzyme, out of the ten major isolated compounds. The study evidenced scientifically the beneficial use of GGESE as an alternative medicine in management of diabetes and bacterial infection.