Exploration of issues, challenges and latest developments in autonomous cars

Padmaja, B.; Moorthy, Ch. V. K. N. S. N.; Venkateswarulu, N.; Bala, Myneni Madhu

doi:10.1186/s40537-023-00701-y

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Although GPUs have been present in personal computers for a longer period, utilizing that experience in automotive GPU may help the shift towards self-driving cars faster [87]. Designing a reliable cooling system for the automotive GPU is more challenging as the GPU will be subjected to various environmental changes.…”

Section: Limitations Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive cooling techniques of graphical processing units in automotive applications - a review

Praveen,

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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Graphical Processing Units (GPU) have become a vital source for data processing in many advanced or smart technologies. They have proven to be faster and more efficient than the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in computing large data sets. The automotive industry has adopted GPUs for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), but other systems like electric vehicles and autonomous vehicles will also employ GPUs soon. Although GPUs are faster at computing large data sets, there is the challenge of a substantial increase in core temperature during the process. This review paper primarily focuses on Active and Passive cooling methods for GPUs in automotive. The paper commences by addressing the role and need for GPUs in the automotive industry and explores the challenges faced by them and the factors that lead to an increase in temperature. The paper further reviews various cooling methods used by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) in the automotive industry. The outcomes of the review are a detailed understanding of the use of GPUs in automotive, a brief interpretation of heating issues in GPUs and what causes them, a comprehensive understanding of the cooling methods used to reduce the core temperature, and a perception of an anticipated technology to resolve the heating problem.

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Section: Limitations Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive cooling techniques of graphical processing units in automotive applications - a review

Praveen,

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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“…A description of these vehicle autonomy levels is provided in Figure 1. Therefore, the advancement and rise of autonomous cars have been due to the significant research results obtained in the arenas of wireless and embedded systems, sensors, communication technologies, navigation, data acquisition, and analysis [17].…”

Section: Autonomous Vehicles: Past Present and Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Sustainability: Carbon Footprint, 3D Printing, and Legislation concerning Electric and Autonomous Vehicles

Jovanović,

Mateo Sanguino,

Damjanović

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In recent years, there has been a remarkable development in the technology and legislation related to electric and autonomous vehicles (i.e., EVs/AVs). This technological advancement requires the deployment of the most up-to-date supporting infrastructure to achieve safe operation. Further infrastructure is needed for Level 5 vehicles, namely the introduction of super-fast wireless 5G technology. To achieve harmony between the rapid technological advancement of EVs/AVs and environmental preservation, enacting legislation related to their sustainable use is vital. Thus, this manuscript provides a review of the technological development of EVs/AVs, with a special focus on carbon footprints and the implementation of additive manufacturing using recycled materials. While EVs have a 12.13% increased carbon footprint compared to conventional vehicles, AVs with basic and advanced intelligence features have an increased carbon footprint of 41.43% and 99.65%, respectively. This article emphasizes that the integration of 3D-printed components has the potential to offset this impact with a substantial 60% reduction. As a result, custom-made solutions involving 3D printing are explored, leading to greater speed, customization, and cost-effectiveness for EVs/AVs. This article also lists the advantages and disadvantages of the existing legislation in Spain, the United Kingdom, and the western Balkans, demonstrating various approaches to promoting electric mobility and the development of autonomous vehicles. In Spain, initiatives like the MOVES program incentivize EV adoption, while the UK focuses on expanding the EV market and addressing concerns about EVs’ quiet operation. In the western Balkans, the adoption of legislation lags behind, with limited incentives and infrastructure for EVs. To boost sales, legal mechanisms are necessary to reduce costs and improve accessibility, in addition to offering subsidies for the purchase of EVs. To this end, an analysis of the incentive measures proposed for the development and use of renewable power sources for the supply of energy for EVs/AVs is presented.

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“…AVs heavily rely on a multitude of sensors and high-resolution cameras for detecting and avoiding obstacles, resulting in the generation of massive amounts of big data [9]. According to statistics, an average AV produces around 1Terabyte (TB) data daily [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Resources Optimization through Regional Computing forVehicular Big Data

Khan,

Badshah,

Alharbi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The transportation system is shifting toward an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Research shows that a singleAutonomous Vehicle (AV) can generate up to 1 Terabyte (TB) datadaily. Data processing occurs in real-time at the vehicle edge to facilitate navigation. However, some of this data is sent to the cloudfor real-time navigation support for other AVs. Even slight delayscan have significant consequences for these vehicles. All AV datais also necessary in the cloud for navigation and training purposes.Unfortunately, the massive volume of Vehicular Big Data (VBD)congests public networks, making real-time communication unfeasible. This study proposes Regional Computing (RC) as a solution,enabling real-time updates and navigation for AVs. Compared toedge servers, RC offers sufficient resources and considerably reduceddelays and costs compared to Cloud Computing (CC). RC substantially reduces communication delay, cost, and network congestion.

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Exploration of issues, challenges and latest developments in autonomous cars

Cited by 36 publications

References 83 publications

Active and passive cooling techniques of graphical processing units in automotive applications - a review

Active and passive cooling techniques of graphical processing units in automotive applications - a review

Driving Sustainability: Carbon Footprint, 3D Printing, and Legislation concerning Electric and Autonomous Vehicles

Network Resources Optimization through Regional Computing forVehicular Big Data

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