Exploration of proper heating protocol for injectable horizontal platelet-rich fibrin gel

Abstract

Purpose Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been proposed as promising biomaterials with the advantages of host accumulation of platelets and leukocytes with entrapment of growth factors and fibrin scaffold. However, limitations including fast resorption rate (~ 2 weeks) restricts its clinical application. Recent studies have demonstrated heating treatment can prolong PRF degradation. Current published articles used the method of 75 °C for 10 min to obtain longer degradation, while few studies investigated the most suitable temperature for heating horizontal PRF. Our present study was to discover and confirm the optimum temperature for heat treatment before obtaining H-PRF gels by investigating their structure, mechanical properties, and bioactivity of the H-PRF gels after heating treatment. Methods In the present study, 2-mL upper layer of horizontal PRF was collected and heated at 45 °C, 60 °C, 75 °C, and 90 °C to heat 2-mL upper layer of horizontal PRF for 10 min before mixing with the 2-mL lower layer horizontal PRF. The weight, solidification time and the degradation properties were subsequently recorded. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and rheologic tests were carried out to investigate the microstructure and rheologic properties of each H-PRF gel. The biological activity of each H-PRF gel was also evaluated using live/dead staining. Results H-PRF gel prepared at 75 °C for 10 min had the fast solidification period (over a tenfold increase than control) as well as the best resistance to degradation. The number of living cells in H-PRF gel is greater than 90%. SEM showed that H-PRF gel becomes denser as the heating temperature increases, and rheologic tests also revealed that the heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of H-PRF gels when compared to non-heated control group. Future clinical studies are needed to further support the clinical application of H-PRF gels in tissue regeneration procedures. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the H-PRF gel obtained at 75 °C for 10 min could produce a uniform, moldable gel with a short time for solidification time, great rheologic behavior and, high percent of live cells in PRF gel. A promising use of the commonly utilized PRF gel was achieved facilitating tissue regeneration and preventing degradation.

Technical considerations in obtaining platelet rich fibrin for clinical and periodontal research

“…These are Standard-PRF (S-PRF), 13 , 19 , 20 Leukocyte-PRF (L-PRF), Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF), 21 Titanium-PRF (T-PRF), 22 Advanced-PRF (A-PRF), 23 , 24 Advanced-PRF Plus (A-PRF+), 24 i-PRF (Injectable-PRF), 24 , 25 Albumin-PRF (Alb-PRF), 26 , 27 hyperacute serum (HAS) 28 and Horizontal-PRF (H-PRF) [ Table 1 ]. 29 To clarify further, POSEIDO have recommended a classification system that served as basis for evolutions of PRF. However, literature pertaining to the technical aspect of centrifugation speed (revolution per minute, RPM), timing of centrifugation, PRF tube (glass, glass-coated plastic or plastic tubes), and relative centrifugal force (RCF, G-force), is still contentious.…”

RE: Technical considerations in obtaining platelet-rich fibrin for clinical and periodontal research

“…Moreover, there is a discrepancy in the description of the equipment used to produce Injectable PRF (i-PRF) in 2015, in this study, the authors used a horizontal centrifuge to obtain the i-PRF. 5 In addition, the narrative review attributes the introduction of a specific process to Zheng et al, in 2022, 6 while in fact, it was Lourenço et al 7 who, in 2018, utilized a Horizontal centrifuge (RDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). This pioneering work deserves accurate recognition for its innovative approach.…”