Exploring Access to Social Protection for People with Disabilities in Bangladesh

Abstract

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the accessibility of social protection programs for individuals with disabilities in Bangladesh and identify factors at the individual, household, and community levels influencing this accessibility.MethodsWe analyzed data from 4,293 respondents in the 2021 National Survey on Persons with Disabilities. We categorized participation in social protection programs as follows: no assistance (0), support received within six months (1), and support received beyond six months (2). Explanatory variables were considered at individual, household, and community levels. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model assessed associations, with two age groups: 0-17 and 18+.ResultsOnly 38% reported inclusion in social protection programs within six months, rising to 48% for support beyond six months. Disability allowances were the most common, followed by old age allowances and VGD/VGF assistance. Inclusion was likelier for older, unmarried, widowed, divorced, or separated individuals with disabilities. Conversely, those with higher education, wealthier households, and residing in Dhaka division were less likely to be included. Among children aged 0-17, multiple disabilities increased the likelihood of inclusion.ConclusionThese findings underscore the urgent need for more comprehensive and inclusive social protection policies and programs to support the well-being of individuals with disabilities in Bangladesh.