Exploring chloroplastic changes related to chilling and freezing tolerance during cold acclimation of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Proteomic analyses reveal differences in cold acclimation mechanisms in freezing-tolerant and freezing-sensitive cultivars of alfalfa

“…A greater number of up-regulation of spots corresponding to the large and small subunits of RuBisCO (spots 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9) were found in ZD at 12 h, compared to W5 (spots 4 and L43). The abundance of the RuBisCO large subunit-binding protein subunit β (spot 33) decreased for the correct assembly of the RuBisCO holoenzyme in W5; a similar result was observed in pea (Barraclough and Ellis, 1980; Grimaud et al, 2013). Chilling stress also affected the relative abundance of RuBisCO activase (spots 17, 22, 23, 25, and L23).…”

“…The series of changes between RuBisCO activase and RuBisCO large and small subunits could make the active site more accessible for carbamylation, thereby enhancing CO 2 fixation to resist cold stress (Portis et al, 2008). The relative abundance of the cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit (spot L8) declined in ZD as in Thellungiella rosette and in a cold-tolerant Champagne cultivar of pea, which affected electron transport from PSII to PSI during cold acclimation (Gao et al, 2009; Grimaud et al, 2013); whereas its expression remained unchanged in W5. Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 (spots L64, L65, L67, and L68) increased in ZD, which stabilizes the tetranuclear manganese (Mn) center that is the location of photoinhibition in PSII (Sarvikas et al, 2006).…”

“…Transketolase (spots 48∼51), which is involved in the Calvin cycle were down-regulated in W5. Unlike cold-tolerant pea, transketolase was more highly expressed in W5 compared to ZD, whereas this protein was constitutively expressed in ZD under cold stress (Grimaud et al, 2013). In addition, a reduction in the abundance of adenosine kinase 2 (spot L25) was shown to disturb the regulation of energy metabolism and the balance of ATP, ADT, and AMP at the beginning of chilling in ZD (Veuthey and Stucki, 1987; Zeleznikar et al, 1995).…”

“…Changes in proteins play a vital role in cold adaptation due to their direct action on metabolism and biosynthesis pathways. Comparative proteomics were recently applied to analyze changes in cold-sensitive proteins in different cold-tolerant cultivars, such as meadow fescue (leaf), pea (leaf and chloroplast), perennial ryegrass (leaf), strawberry (crown), and winter wheat (leaf; Kosmala et al, 2009; Bocian et al, 2011; Dumont et al, 2011; Koehler et al, 2012; Grimaud et al, 2013; Xu et al, 2013). Proteins involved in energy metabolism, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, storage, protection from stress, regulation of the cell cycle and plant development in wheat and barley showed differential abundance between stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive genotypes (Kosová et al, 2014).…”

Physiology and proteomics research on the leaves of ancient Platycladus orientalis (L.) during winter

“…These results suggest that the energy pathway may play an important role in response to winter stress in ancient trees. Many studies have shown that protein species related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism are more abundant under external stress [12,[50][51][52][53][54] and during leaf senescence [9,54]. Six ATP synthase-related protein species (spots 3605, 4610, 2510, 2513, 4509 and 1512) were more abundant in T2 and T3 plants than in T1 plants.…”