“…In recent years, frequent jellyfish blooms have been reported to cause great harm to aquaculture, coastal tourism, and ecological balance (Dong et al, 2012;Li & Liu, 2022;Suzuki et al, 2016Suzuki et al, , 2019Wu et al, 2017). of eDNA-based techniques are manpower conservation, noninvasiveness, environmental friendliness and accurate species identification, which are conducive to large and extensive investigations (Evans et al, 2017;Thomsen et al, 2016;Yamamoto et al, 2017).…”