Exploring data protection challenges of automated driving

Mulder, Trix; Vellinga, Nynke

doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105530

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The authors focused on the deployment of PbD principles and technical mitigation techniques based on encryption and anonymization in the scope of CAVs. Similarly, Mulder and Vellinga [27] highlighted the difference between pseudonymization and anonymization as the key privacy-preserving techniques required by the GDPR and applied to vehicular environment. In a broader scope, Ribeiro and Nakamura [28] compared pseudonymization and anonymization techniques and how they can protect personal data within IoT systems.…”

Section: Data Privacy-preserving Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the level of privacy protection for ACSs has been effective with a number of technical solutions offered by pseudonymization and anonymization techniques, further discussed in Section 4, it is noteworthy that the respective legal framework as set forth in GDPR faces new regulatory challenges [27]. In the present section, we overview how the data protection regulation covers the principles of data processing and the rights of data subjects.…”

Section: Gdpr Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interface of Privacy and Data Security in Automated City Shuttles: The GDPR Analysis

et al. 2022

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The fast evolution and prevalence of driverless technologies has facilitated the testing and deployment of automated city shuttles (ACSs) as a means of public transportation in smart cities. For their efficient functioning, ACSs require a real-time data compilation and exchange of information with their internal components and external environment. However, that nexus of data exchange comes with privacy concerns and data protection challenges. In particular, the technical realization of stringent data protection laws on data collection and processing are key issues to be tackled within the ACSs ecosystem. Our work provides an in-depth analysis of the GDPR requirements that should be considered by the ACSs’ stakeholders during the collection, storage, use, and transmission of data to and from the vehicles. First, an analysis is performed on the data processing principles, the rights of data subjects, and the subsequent obligations for the data controllers where we highlight the mixed roles that can be assigned to the ACSs stakeholders. Secondly, the compatibility of privacy laws with security technologies focusing on the gap between the legal definitions and the technological implementation of privacy-preserving techniques are discussed. In face of the GDPR pitfalls, our work recommends a further strengthening of the data protection law. The interdisciplinary approach will ensure that the overlapping stakeholder roles and the blurring implementation of data privacy-preserving techniques within the ACSs landscape are efficiently addressed.

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Section: Data Privacy-preserving Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gdpr Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interface of Privacy and Data Security in Automated City Shuttles: The GDPR Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The data collected by a driver monitoring system, such as cardiovascular and eye-tracking data, are data concerning health under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This category of data warrants special considerations to ensure that it is protected -one of which being that the data must be collected only for a specific, explicit, and legitimate purpose (referred to as purpose limitation; Mulder & Vellinga, 2021). In relation to the sharing of driver data with third parties, the General Safety Regulation (GSR), which began to apply in the European Union in July 2022, stipulates that the sharing of driver data with third parties is prohibited, and that the data should be deleted immediately after processing (European Parliament and Council, 2019).…”

Section: : "What Rights Do You Have Over Let's Say Who Can and Can't ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to the sharing of driver data with third parties, the General Safety Regulation (GSR), which began to apply in the European Union in July 2022, stipulates that the sharing of driver data with third parties is prohibited, and that the data should be deleted immediately after processing (European Parliament and Council, 2019). Furthermore, as Mulder & Vellinga (2021) point out, health data collected during an automated drive cannot be sold to an insurance company to make adjustments to the driver's insurance premium under the GDPR, unless the user gives explicit consent to the fleet operator selling their data. Informed consent will become increasingly paramount as driver monitoring systems become more common in privately owned vehicles, and potential sources Understanding drivers' perspectives on driver monitoring systems during automated driving of data exploitation increase.…”

Section: : "What Rights Do You Have Over Let's Say Who Can and Can't ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding drivers’ perspectives on the use of driver monitoring systems during automated driving: Findings from a qualitative focus group study

Coyne,

Hanlon,

Smeaton

et al. 2024

Preprint

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With the introduction of automated driving, drivers can delegate responsibility of the driving task to an automated system. In some situations, however, human intervention may still be necessary. Driver fatigue exacerbated by prolonged automated driving can imperil the safety of transitions of control between automated system and human driver. Driver monitoring systems (DMS) are therefore necessary to assess the driver's mental state in real-time and oversee the safety of automated driving by ensuring that the driver is cognitively ready to take over when necessary. While automated driving and DMS will afford several distinct advantages that can improve the safety and experience of driving, little is known concerning how drivers themselves perceive these technologies. The present study was therefore conducted to examine drivers' perspectives on the use of DMS during automated driving, using a qualitative focus group approach. A reflexive thematic analysis of the data generated five themes. These themes illustrate that drivers perceive DMS within automated driving as a supplemental but non-essential layer of support that comes with considerable costs to their perceived privacy, autonomy, and their enjoyment derived from the experience of driving. Concerns regarding the perceived reliability of DMS were also raised. Recommendations for future empirical and practical work are also provided.

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“…The current technology needs to improve to recognize objects in a chaotic city environment. Data protection and privacy are also concerns with self-driving technology [7][8][9]. A concerning issue with self-driving cars is their susceptibility to cyberattacks [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Limitations of Autonomous Driving and Its Impact on Accidents and Collisions

Chougule,

Chamola,

Sam

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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The emergence of autonomous driving represents a pivotal milestone in the evolution of the transportation system, integrating seamlessly into the daily lives of individuals due to its array of advantages over conventional vehicles. However, selfdriving cars pose numerous challenges contributing to accidents and injuries annually. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the limitations inherent in autonomous driving and their consequential impact on accidents and collisions. Using data from the DMV, NMVCCS, and NHTSA, the paper reveals the key factors behind self-driving car accidents. It delves into prevalent limitations faced by self-driving cars, encompassing issues like adverse weather conditions, susceptibility to hacking, data security concerns, technological efficacy, testing and validation intricacies, information handling, and connectivity glitches. By meticulously analyzing reported accidents involving self-driving cars during the period spanning 2019 to 2022, the research evaluates statistical data pertaining to fatalities and injuries across diverse accident classifications. Additionally, the paper delves into the ethical and regulatory dimensions associated with autonomous driving, accentuating the legal complexities that arise from accidents involving self-driving vehicles. This review assists researchers and professionals by identifying current autonomous driving limitations and offering insights for safer adoption. Addressing these limitations through research can transform transportation systems for the better.

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Exploring data protection challenges of automated driving

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Interface of Privacy and Data Security in Automated City Shuttles: The GDPR Analysis

The Interface of Privacy and Data Security in Automated City Shuttles: The GDPR Analysis

Understanding drivers’ perspectives on the use of driver monitoring systems during automated driving: Findings from a qualitative focus group study

A Comprehensive Review on Limitations of Autonomous Driving and Its Impact on Accidents and Collisions

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