Exploring dried blood spot sampling technique for simultaneous quantification of antiretrovirals: lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in a rodent pharmacokinetic study

Nirogi, Ramakrishna; Kandikere, Vishwottam; Komarneni, Prashanth; Aleti, Raghupathi; Padala, NagaSuryaPrakash; Kalaikadhiban, Ilayaraja; Bhyrapuneni, Gopinadh; Muddana, Nageswararao

doi:10.1002/bmc.2718

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, SLE is most‐often performed with mixtures of H 2 O and organic solvents (principally MeOH and MeCN) and optimized by investigating several mixture proportions (Heinig et al, ; Ewles et al, ; Liu et al, ). The addition of a small amount of H 2 O prior to addition of the extraction solution improves the SLE efficiency in certain cases (Nirogi et al, ). For posaconazole, two‐times higher signals were obtained by incubating for 2 min a DBS punch with H 2 O before addition of extraction solution (200 µL of MeCN/H 2 O 9:1; v/v) (Reddy, Tama, & Hayes, ).…”

Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper material is another important parameter that governs extraction recovery. Several examples of paper comparison can be found in the literature for different compounds, including antiretroviral drugs (lamivudine, stavudine, nevirapine, FTA DMPK‐A, ‐B and ‐C) (Nirogi et al, ), ganciclovir (FTA DMPK‐A, ‐B, FTA Elute and 226) (Heinig et al, ), mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide (FTA DMPK‐A, ‐B, ‐C, FTA Elute, 226) (Heinig et al, ). Obviously, extraction efficiency depends on the analyte and extraction solution, and conclusions drawn in a specific case cannot be generalized.…”

Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, the paper material not only impacts extraction efficiency and/or recovery, but also the variability associated to it. For instance, for the three previous antiretroviral drugs, CV's of extraction recovery were, respectively, 11% and 2% for FTA DMPK‐A and ‐C (Nirogi et al, ). Mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide represented a more severe situation because reproducibilities were inacceptable (i.e., >15%) with FTA DMPK‐A (≥17%) and ‐C (≥22%), whereas they were <6% with FTA DMPK‐B, FTA Elute and 226 (Heinig et al, ).…”

Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots

Wagner

Tonoli

Varesio

et al. 2014

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

226

228

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Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large‐scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off‐line and on‐line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD‐APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:361–438, 2016.

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Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Handling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots

Wagner

Tonoli

Varesio

et al. 2014

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

226

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These complexities in the interactions and variability show how difficult it is to predict the correlation between plasma drug and intracellular triphosphate concentrations. Since all the NRTIs undergo phosphorylation to form active NRTI triphosphate, it is of concern to determine the triphosphate levels in the target cells mainly inside the peripheral blood mononuclear cell [ Nirogi et al for the first time reported a simple, sensitive, selective, precise and reproducible triple quad MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 3TC, d4T and NVP in DBS cards for rodent pharmacokinetic studies [69]. The benefits of this technique over the other revealed strategies include: [1] Use of less matrix [20 mL] for spotting clearly indicates the volume of the sample required at a time reduced appreciably; [2] sensitive technique with lower limit of quantification [3TC: 1 ng/mL, d4T: 1 ng/mL, NVP: 10 ng/mL]; [3] minimized biohazard threat; [4] less cost of sample storage and transport; [5] simple and precise evaluation technique in all matrices including whole blood, plasma and DBS.…”

Section: Lamivudinementioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review

Charbe

Zacconi

Amnerkar

et al. 2019

CDTH

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Background: Several clinical trials, as well as observational statistics, have exhibited that the advantages of antiretroviral [ARV] treatment for humans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS exceed their risks. Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] plays a key role in optimization of ARV therapy. Determination of ARV’s in plasma, blood cells, and other biological matrices frequently requires separation techniques capable of high effectiveness, specific selectivity and high sensitivity. High-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] coupled with ultraviolet [UV], Photodiode array detectors [PDA], Mass spectrophotometer [MS] detectors etc. are the important quantitative techniques used for the estimation of pharmaceuticals in biological samples. Objective: This review article is aimed to give an extensive outline of different bio-analytical techniques which have been reported for direct quantitation of ARV’s. This article aimed to establish an efficient role played by the TDM in the optimum therapeutic outcome of the ARV treatment. It also focused on establishing the prominent role played by the separation techniques like HPLC and UPLC along with the detectors like UV and Mass in TDM. Methods: TDM is based on the principle that for certain drugs, a close relationship exists between the plasma level of the drug and its clinical effect. TDM is of no value if the relationship does not exist. The analytical methodology employed in TDM should: 1) distinguish similar compounds; 2) be sensitive and precise and 3) is easy to use. Results: This review highlights the advancement of the chromatographic techniques beginning from the HPLC-UV to the more advanced technique like UPLC-MS/MS. TDM is essential to ensure adherence, observe viral resistance and to personalize ARV dose regimens. It is observed that the analytical methods like immunoassays and liquid chromatography with detectors like UV, PDA, Florescent, MS, MS/MS and Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS have immensely contributed to the clinical outcome of the ARV therapy. Assay methods are not only helping physicians in limiting the side effects and drug interactions but also assisting in monitoring patient’s compliance. Conclusion: The present review revealed that HPLC has been the most widely used system irrespective of the availability of more sensitive chromatographic technique like UPLC.

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“…As an example: pure methanol is considered a common solvent for low-extraction substances from the DBS sample [89]. Water, on the other hand, degrades the interaction between the cellulose and the hydroxyl groups of the target analyte and the partial addition of water preceded by organic extraction increases its effectiveness in some cases (e.g., for antiviral drugs) [90]. To achieve extraction of the analyte with maximum extraction efficiency, it is necessary to optimize the extraction parameters, including the composition of the extraction solution, the duration, the temperature and the application of additional ultrasound treatment, for each individual target metabolite [68,91].…”

Section: Elutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of dried blood spot for analysis of low molecular weight fraction (metabolome) of blood

Balashova¹,

Trifonova²,

Maslov³

et al. 2018

Health Prim Car

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The metabolomic blood analysis can be used in clinical laboratory practice to improve the efficiency of diagnostics and risk assessment of diseases, since the current clinical diagnostics is not able to cope with the full range of possible human diseases. According to the latest advances in analytical and computational tools, not more than 1 μl of blood is required for metabolic analysis. Therefore, the dried blood spot method is a low invasive method and allows collecting samples with ease of manipulation and minimal costs. In addition, samples can be collected outside the laboratory at home. This review details the dry blood drop method for obtaining a sample for the metabolomic analysis of blood. The review also describes the use of dried blood spot in the workflow with the metabolome blood analysis by direct mass spectrometry, which includes direct injection of extracted from the spot metabolites into the ionization source of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer

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Exploring dried blood spot sampling technique for simultaneous quantification of antiretrovirals: lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in a rodent pharmacokinetic study

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots

The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots

Bio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review

Application of dried blood spot for analysis of low molecular weight fraction (metabolome) of blood

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