Exploring implications of wave characteristics on the functionality of mimetic tubular sponges

Abstract

Marine sponges influence the flow hydrodynamics by suction/pumping mechanism. They provide a recirculation flow and remove pollutants from their residence. Previous studies have validated the efficacy of mimetic sponges in improving momentum transfer in marine environments. This study endeavors to explore the impact of wave characteristics (i.e., wave height and period) on the momentum transfer near the mimetic sponges. Both physical and numerical simulations were undertaken to explore this phenomenon. Experimental results unveiled that the efficiency of the mimetic sponge is contingent upon some circumstances. When waves have a short period and height, the suction effects prevail. In such cases, orbital velocity tends to be in a negative direction, leading to suppressed fluctuating velocities and a reduction in turbulent kinetic energy throughout the water column. Thus, the penetration of the shear layer to the water column and occurrence of wake-street diminish. Conversely, an increase in wave height enhances the momentum exchange through the water column. Surface Line Integral Convolution and Three-Dimensional stream trace visualizations using OpenFOAM provide insights into the generation of spirals and vortices through the water column induced by mimetic sponges.