Exploring Match Space: How Medical School and Specialty Characteristics Affect Residency Match Geography in the United States

Hasnie, Usman; Hasnie, Ammar; Preda-Naumescu, Ana; Nelson, Benjamin; Estrada, Carlos A.; Williams, Winter

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000004777

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may be because of different and perhaps better resources and resource availability at these top-40 schools but also may be related to unconscious biases in the selection process. 16 Similarly, only 3% of reapplicants and 7% of unmatched first-time applicants were members of the AOA compared with successful first-time applicants (18%; P , 0.001; Table 3). Multiple studies have shown the positive relationship that the AOA status has on matching in orthopaedic surgery, and this difference is clearly visible within our subgroup analysis.…”

Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Barriers to Entry: Socioeconomic Discrepancies Between Unmatched First-Time Applicants and Reapplicants in the Field of Orthopaedic Surgery

Murali,

Harris,

Vankara

et al. 2023

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

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Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery remains a competitive surgical subspecialty with more applicants than spots each year. As a result, numerous students fail to match into these competitive positions each year with a growing number of reapplicants in consecutive application cycles. We sought to understand the socioeconomic factors at play between this growing reapplicant pool compared with first-time applicants to better understand potential discrepancies between these groups. Our hypothesis is that reapplicants would have higher socioeconomic status and have less underrepresented minority representation compared with successful first-time applicants. Methods: A retrospective review of deidentified individual orthopaedic surgery applicant data from the American Association of Medical Colleges was reviewed from 2011 to 2021. Individual demographic and application data as well as self-reported socioeconomic and parental data were analyzed using descriptive and advanced statistics. Results: Of the 12,112 applicants included in this data set, 77% were first-time applicants (61% versus 17% successfully entered into an orthopaedic surgery residency vs versus unmatched, respectively), whereas 22% were reapplicants. In successful first-time applicants, 12% identified as underrepresented minorities in medicine. The proportion of underrepresented minorities was significantly higher among unmatched first-time applicants (20%) and reapplicants (25%) (P < 0.001). Reapplicants (mean = $83,364) and unmatched first-time applicants (mean = $80,174) had less medical school debt compared with first time applicants (mean = $101,663) (P < 0.001). More than 21% of reapplicants were found to have parents in healthcare fields, whereas only 16% of successful first-time applicants and 15% of unsuccessful first-applicants had parents in health care (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Reapplicants to orthopaedic surgery residency have less educational debt and are more likely to have parental figures in a healthcare field compared with first-time applicants. This suggests the discrepancies in socioeconomic status between reapplicants and first-time applicants and the importance of providing resources for reapplicants.

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Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Barriers to Entry: Socioeconomic Discrepancies Between Unmatched First-Time Applicants and Reapplicants in the Field of Orthopaedic Surgery

Murali,

Harris,

Vankara

et al. 2023

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

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“…These changes reflect the growing recognition of the importance of geography as a factor in the residency match process [9,10]. We have previously shown that school and specialty characteristics impact geography; however, little is known about how adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced residency match geography across all specialties [11]. As we conducted this study, Cotner et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We include the post-COVID-19 matched data to our prior publication with pre-COVID-19 matched data [11]; see the conceptual framework in Figure 1.…”

Section: Study Design Setting and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study aimed to investigate pre-and post-pandemic trends in the geographic placement of senior allopathic medical students for post-graduate training and to determine which factors impacted where applicants matched across all specialties. To do so, we utilized a metric that we called "match space" to quantify the non-linear geographic relationship between medical schools and residency programs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Residency Match Distance From Medical School and Virtual Application, School Characteristics, and Specialty Competitiveness

Hasnie¹,

Hasnie²,

Nelson³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the residency match process by eliminating away rotations and changing from in-person to virtual interviews. In this study, we explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the geographic match distance of United States (US) senior medical students across all specialties.Methods: We collected publicly available student match data between 2018 and 2021 from US allopathic medical schools and calculated match distance between medical school and residency training using a novel metric -the "match space." Match space was codified by whether the student matched at their home institution, home state, adjacent state, same or adjacent US census division (non-adjacent state) or skipped at least one US census division. Adjusting for covariates, ordinal logistic regression correlated school and specialty characteristics with match distance pre-and post-pandemic for all specialties. We defined and ranked specialty competitiveness using predictive values from factor analysis.Results: A total of 34,672 students representing 66 medical schools from 28 states matched into 26 specialties in 50 states and Canada. Fifty-nine percent of students were from public institutions, and 27% of schools ranked in the top 40 for research. The mean percentage of in-state students by school was 60.3% (range 3-100%). Match space was lower after the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98; p=0.006), from schools with higher in-state percentages (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.72-0.76), from top National Institutes of Health-funded institutions (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85-0.92), from the Northeast (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.75; Midwest reference), and the West (OR 0.67, 95% 0.60-0.74). Match space was higher for students graduating from private schools (

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“…This is especially true in primary care institutions, which have less experience advising applications into competitive surgical specialties such as plastic surgery. 2 As such, medical students are largely responsible for educating themselves on their options should they have an interest in pursuing a residency program in plastic surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residency Training Pathways of Program Directors and Chiefs/Chairs in Plastic Surgery

Lentskevich,

Reddy,

Yau

et al. 2023

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Medical students interested in plastic surgery may become discouraged by barriers to career development during residency training. This study surveyed plastic surgery program directors (PDs) and chiefs/chairs to highlight the pathway followed by academic leaders in these positions. Methods: A self-administered anonymous survey was sent to a list of 189 PDs and chiefs/chairs identified via plastic surgery residency programs’ websites. Chi-squared tests assessed answer distributions. Results: Of the 189 recipients (25.9%), 49 completed the survey. Respondents’ medical school graduation range was 1973–2009. Seventeen respondents entered a plastic surgery residency directly after medical school, and 32 began in another specialty. Comparison between these two groups showed no significant differences in preference rank of their program (P = 0.671). A total of 18 respondents conducted an academic enrichment year, but timing of this year differed significantly based on the initial specialty match (P = 0.012). There was no significant perceived difficulty in gaining recognition by gender (P = 0.107) or race (P = 0.125). Six respondents did not match into the specialty of first choice; five did not complete their initial residency programs; three did not match into plastic surgery at first attempt. Conclusions: Information on residency training pathways and barriers to career development of current academic leaders will improve transparency as to potential stumbling blocks that current PDs and chief/chairs of plastic surgery residency programs have faced during their initial training. This will help current trainees anticipate these stumbling blocks and place these in perspective based on the experience of senior plastic surgeons.

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Exploring Match Space: How Medical School and Specialty Characteristics Affect Residency Match Geography in the United States

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Barriers to Entry: Socioeconomic Discrepancies Between Unmatched First-Time Applicants and Reapplicants in the Field of Orthopaedic Surgery

Barriers to Entry: Socioeconomic Discrepancies Between Unmatched First-Time Applicants and Reapplicants in the Field of Orthopaedic Surgery

Relationship Between Residency Match Distance From Medical School and Virtual Application, School Characteristics, and Specialty Competitiveness

Residency Training Pathways of Program Directors and Chiefs/Chairs in Plastic Surgery

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