Exploring Nonlinear Optical Properties of Perylene Diimide Derivatives and Biomolecules: A Computational Supramolecular Study

Abstract

This study investigates the supramolecular interactions between perylene diimides (PDI) and nucleotides, specifically adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The study uses five PDIs (L6, L7, L8, L9, L10) that were previously studied. Ten complexes (complex 1 (L-ala-PDI-AMP), complex 2 (B-ala-PDI-AMP), complex 3 (GLY-PDI-AMP), complex 4 (IMI- PDI -AMP), complex 5 (PYR-PDI-AMP, complex 6 (L-ala-PDI-CMP), complex 7 (B-ala-PDI-CMP), complex 8 (GLY-PDI-CMP), complex 9 (IMI-PDI-CMP), and complex 10 (PYR-PDI-CMP) labeled 1-10, were obtained using the B3LYP/6-31G basis set, and their weak interactions were studied through Density Functional Theory (DFT). The study aimed to optimize the supramolecular complexes formed between PDI and nucleotides by placing the molecules parallel to each other without bond formation before the optimization process. The study explores the properties of these complexes through various methods such as NMR, IR, UV, Hyperpolarizabilities, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), density of states (DOS), noncovalent interactions (NCI), Iso-surface analysis, atom in molecule (AIM), dipole moment (µ), electron density distribution map (EDDM), transition density matrix (TDM), Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and Electron-hole analysis (EHA) using DFT. The weak bonds formed among PDI and nucleotide in all ten complexes were visualized using Discovery Studio Visualizer. The electronic properties of the complexes were examined through Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Natural Population Analysis (NPA), leading to Non-Linear Optics (NLO) study. The study provides insight into the nature of weak interactions between PDI and nucleotide, as well as the electronic properties of these complexes, which could have implications for future studies in the field of supramolecular chemistry.