“…Organizations, regardless of size, driven by the need for higher productivity and lower costs, are moving their application portfolio to the cloud. In addition to the many benefits of migrating applications to the cloud, there are several critical challenges that companies face while adopting the cloud [51,52], which have different implications depending on the size of the organizations [53], the variety of cloud providers [54], and whether managers choose evolutionary or transformative digital migration [55]. Thus, an assessment of cloud running costs and accessibility of migration [56], as well as security issues (threats and attacks that may occur), is needed to take appropriate countermeasures.…”