Exploring the choroidal vascular labyrinth and its molecular and structural roles in health and disease

Brinks, Joost; Dijk, Elon H. C. van; Klaassen, Ingeborg; Schlingemann, Reinier O.; Kiełbasa, Szymon M.; Emri, Eszter; Quax, Paul H.A.; Bergen, Arthur A.; Meijer, Onno C.; Boon, Camiel J F

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100994

Cited by 43 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 404 publications

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“…One of the genes most strongly differentially expressed by these cells is plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP). The Plvap protein is present in fenestrations, caveolae and transendothelial channels, and therefore plays a key role in the regulation of transendothelial transport (Wisniewska-Kruk et al, 2016;Bosma et al, 2018;Brinks et al, 2021). Our understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of the transport of specific macromolecules across the choriocapillaris is limited, and mainly comes from examinations of the movement of albumin.…”

Section: The Choriocapillarismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging

Zouache

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Aging is associated with a broad range of visual impairments that can have dramatic consequences on the quality of life of those impacted. These changes are driven by a complex series of alterations affecting interactions between multiple cellular and extracellular elements. The resilience of many of these interactions may be key to minimal loss of visual function in aging; yet many of them remain poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the relation between retinal neurons and their respective mass transport systems. These metabolite delivery systems include the retinal vasculature, which lies within the inner portion of the retina, and the choroidal vasculature located externally to the retinal tissue. A framework for investigation is proposed and applied to identify the structures and processes determining retinal mass transport at the cellular and tissue levels. Spatial variability in the structure of the retina and changes observed in aging are then harnessed to explore the relation between variations in neuron populations and those seen among retinal metabolite delivery systems. Existing data demonstrate that the relation between inner retinal neurons and their mass transport systems is different in nature from that observed between the outer retina and choroid. The most prominent structural changes observed across the eye and in aging are seen in Bruch’s membrane, which forms a selective barrier to mass transfers at the interface between the choroidal vasculature and the outer retina.

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Section: The Choriocapillarismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging

Zouache

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…The choroid is a highly vascularized network that nourishes photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and removes metabolic wastes from the retina. Choroidal disorders primarily manifest as progressive RPE dysfunction, and choroidal angioarchitecture and functional abnormalities [ 1 ], which provoke choroidal vascular diseases (CVDs), such as choroidal neovascularization (CNV) related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) [ 2 , 3 ]. Many epidemiological studies have revealed that CVDs affect a wide range of people and that the worldwide prevalence has exponentially increased with each subsequent decade [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verteporfin-mediated on/off photoswitching functions synergistically to treat choroidal vascular diseases

Dai

Tang

et al. 2022

Bioactive Materials

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“…Thus, the capacity of the choroid to remove metabolic wastes from the outer retina is declining. 21 – 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Year Choroidal Thickness Attenuation and Its Associations in Healthy Chinese Adults

Cai

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Identifying clinical associations causing attenuation in choroidal thickness (CT) among healthy Chinese adults. Methods A 2-year longitudinal study was conducted in volunteers aged over 30 years from China. All participants had no history of eye disease or surgery. All subjects underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography to measure the CT in the macular region at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. The regression models were based on the generalized estimating equation. Results A total of 603 eyes of 336 healthy participants were included in the final analysis (mean [SD] age, 58.88 [8.82] years; 74.70% female). Mean (SD) choroidal thickness (MCT) was reduced significantly from 206.62 (72.42) to 194.02 (72.08) µm (difference, −12.60 µm; 95% confidence interval [CI], −13.62 to −11.57). Among the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid, CT at the subfoveal sector showed the greatest 2-year reduction (difference, −14.55 µm; 95% CI, −15.87 to −13.22). The largest 2-year change was observed in the 50 to 59 years group (difference, −14.51 µm; 95% CI, −16.71 to −12.32). Multivariate regression showed female gender (β = −2.85; 95% CI, −5.65 to −0.56) and baseline MCT (β = −0.040; 95% CI, −0.056 to −0.024) were significantly and independently associated with greater 2-year CT decrease. Conclusions These results indicated that CT among Chinese healthy adults decreased during the 2-year follow-up, and the greater choroidal thinning rate was significantly associated with female gender and larger baseline MCT. Translational Relevance Longitudinal CT data of healthy adults provide a reference range when evaluating pathologic variations, especially for the age-related retinal-choroidal disorders.

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Exploring the choroidal vascular labyrinth and its molecular and structural roles in health and disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 404 publications

Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging

Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging

Verteporfin-mediated on/off photoswitching functions synergistically to treat choroidal vascular diseases

Two-Year Choroidal Thickness Attenuation and Its Associations in Healthy Chinese Adults

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