“…An extensive review of research related to IL indicated the dearth of studies examining the self-efficacy of students for IL (Keshavarz et al, 2017; Kurbanoglu, 2003; Kurbanoglu et al, 2006; Naveed and Mahmood, 2019; Shim et al, 2009; Soroya et al, 2020). Several studies in Pakistan assessed IL skills of students who belonged to varied disciplines, for example, engineering, education, social sciences, arts, and humanities (e.g.…”