Exploring the Environmental Effects of Urbanization in Monrovia

Abstract

Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia, is undergoing rapid urbanization, leading to significant ecological and environmental challenges. This study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial changes in urbanization and their impact on the ecological environment in Monrovia from 2015 to 2023. Utilizing Landsat satellite images, OpenStreetMap data, and AQICN atmospheric particulate data (PM2.5 and PM10). We analyzed urban patterns, building dynamics, traffic networks, and population growth. Our methodological approach involved spatial analysis and temporal comparisons to assess land use changes and their ecological consequences. Our findings indicate substantial land use changes, with a notable increase in residential areas at the expense of natural and agricultural lands, resulting in habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss. Economic growth in the central business district has exacerbated ecological degradation, while expanded road networks have increased surface runoff and habitat fragmentation. Air quality analysis shows rising levels of PM2.5 and PM10, posing significant health risks to residents. Additionally, the reduction in water bodies and forest cover has degraded water quality and heightened flood risks. This study underscores the urgent need for sustainable urban planning practices, including the adoption of renewable energy sources, emission control technologies, and enhanced air quality monitoring. Furthermore, community-based approaches and citizen science activities are essential for engaging local residents in pollution monitoring and advocacy, fostering partnerships for the sustainable development of Monrovia. Our research highlights the critical need for integrated strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization on the environment and public health.