Exploring the EPR system for power battery recycling from a supply-side perspective: An evolutionary game analysis

He, Lin; Sun, Baiqing

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.026

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the case of Laos, there are many limitations to dealing with LIB waste management, so the extended producer responsibility (EPR) system is a significant and appropriate method to be applied in the country. As known, the EPR has a potential role in encouraging the safe and sustainable management of EV EoL batteries and also supports achieving a circular economy approach [ 75 , 176 , 177 ]. Thus, the government should consider developing specific policies, regulations, and standards on electric vehicle battery management to prevent improper battery waste management and mitigate the responsibility of the public.…”

Section: Challenges Discussion and The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges

Noudeng

Quan

Xuan

2022

IJERPH

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a hot topic worldwide because they are not only the best alternative for energy storage systems but also have the potential for developing electric vehicles (EVs) that support greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and pollution prevention in the transport sector. However, the recent increase in EVs has brought about a rise in demand for LIBs, resulting in a substantial number of used LIBs. The end-of-life (EoL) of batteries is related to issues including, for example, direct disposal of toxic pollutants into the air, water, and soil, which threatens organisms in nature and human health. Currently, there is various research on spent LIB recycling and disposal, but there are no international or united standards for LIB waste management. Most countries have used a single or combination methodology of practices; for instance, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, direct recycling, full or partial combined recycling, and lastly, landfilling for unnecessary waste. However, EoL LIB recycling is not always easy for developing countries due to multiple limitations, which have been problems and challenges from the beginning and may reach into the future. Laos is one such country that might face those challenges and issues in the future due to the increasing trend of EVs. Therefore, this paper intends to provide a future perspective on EoL LIB management from EVs in Laos PDR, and to point out the best approaches for management mechanisms and sustainability without affecting the environment and human health. Significantly, this review compares the current EV LIB management between Laos, neighboring countries, and some developed countries, thereby suggesting appropriate solutions for the future sustainability of spent LIB management in the nation. The Laos government and domestic stakeholders should focus urgently on specific policies and regulations by including the extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme in enforcement.

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Section: Challenges Discussion and The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges

Noudeng

Quan

Xuan

2022

IJERPH

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“…While the demand for large emerging power consumers like electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage are surging in the LIBs market subsequently. [9][10][11] Currently, the LIBs target products are still mainly concentrating on 3C batteries, power batteries, and energy storage batteries. The application domains of the three also correspond to various consumer electronic products, new energy transportation equipment, large energy storage power stations, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and prospect on the recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries: Ending is beginning

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Carbon Neutralization

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The new energy vehicle market has grown rapidly due to the promotion of electric vehicles. Considering the average effective lives and calendar lives of power batteries, the world is gradually ushering in the retirement peak of spent lithium‐ion batteries (SLIBs). Without proper disposal, such a large number of SLIBs can be grievous waste of resources and serious pollution for the environment. This review provides a systematic overview of current solutions for SLIBs recycling, ranging from battery failure assessment, disassembly, and component separation to derived material recovery and reuse. In this review, several pretreatment methods for SLIBs are introduced. Subsequently, novel recovery and reuse processes are discussed to develop sustainable and efficient recycling processes. Finally, different scientific approaches are investigated, aiming at promoting the transformation of the SLIBs recycling industry to a circular economy. Based on this review, it is possible to improve existing processes or develop sustainable environmentally friendly and efficient alternative processes for recycling end‐of‐life batteries.

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“…The Chinese government has introduced a series of regulations to guide and regulate the recycling of used batteries (Sun et al, 2021). Nevertheless, there are still phenomena such as regulatory imbalances and unsound recycling networks, which seriously hinder the healthy development of recycling market and incur huge environmental governance costs (He and Sun, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many studies on various aspects of power battery recycling, such as policies and regulations on power battery recycling (Xu et al, 2017;Choi and Rhee, 2020;He and Sun, 2022), power battery recycling subjects (Schultmann et al, 2003), recycling channels (Chuang et al, 2014;Tang et al, 2018), and recycling mode (Hong and Yeh, 2012). Game theory is simulated decision interactions among rational decisionmakers by using mathematical methods and has many applications in political science, economics, and sociology (Fang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li J. et al (2020) built a non-cooperative game model that considers the battery recycling rate and consumers' environmental awareness and includes three game subjects, namely, EVs manufacturers, fuel vehicle manufacturers, and the government, and further verify the efficiency of dual credit policy over subsidy one. Using an evolutionary game model among consumers, EVs manufacturers, and the government under the EPR system, He and Sun (2022) found that the government's dynamic reward and punishment mechanism encourage consumers and 97% of EVs enterprises to participate in power battery recycling; the cost of recycling is the biggest influencing factor that hinders the recycling of power batteries by EVs manufacturers, and the change of recycling price of third-party recycling enterprises will affect the development of recycling industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Game evolution and simulation analysis of power battery recycling in China under conflicting supply and demand of critical metals

et al. 2022

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A great demand for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and other critical metals by power batteries has been increasing with the explosive development of the new energy industry, which further exacerbated the contradiction between the supply and demand of critical metals. In addition, two key factors, including an imbalance of government reward and punishment and a low degree of cooperation between manufacturers and recycling enterprises, have hindered the recovery and utilization of critical metals in power battery with the expansion of the power battery recycling market. A three-party evolutionary game model, including power battery manufacturers, third-party recycling enterprises, and the government, was constructed in this study to analyze the evolutionary stability of the strategy selection of each participant. Also, the influence of each factor on the three-party strategy selection and verifying the reliability of the results through simulation were also discussed. The results show that 1) both government incentives and punishments are beneficial for promoting cooperation between power battery manufacturers and recycling enterprises. The cost of cooperation will be the key factor affecting power battery recycling. 2) Increasing the probability of cooperation is an effective way to ensure the increase in income of both parties after cooperation. Further suggestions, including the establishment of a dynamic reward and punishment mechanism by the government and strengthening the cooperation to cope with the continued tight supply of critical metals by the manufacturers and recyclers, were also put forward in this research.

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Exploring the EPR system for power battery recycling from a supply-side perspective: An evolutionary game analysis

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges

Progress and prospect on the recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries: Ending is beginning

Game evolution and simulation analysis of power battery recycling in China under conflicting supply and demand of critical metals

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