Exploring the Influence of Date Palm Cultivars on Soil Microbiota

Abstract

Plants thrive in diverse environments, where root-microbe interactions play a pivotal role. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), with its genetic diversity and resilience, is an ideal model for studying microbial adaptation to different genotypes and stresses. This study aimed to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities associated with traditional date palm cultivars and the widely cultivated “Deglet Nour” were explored using metabarcoding approaches. The microbial diversity analysis identified a rich community with 13,189 bacterial and 6442 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota dominated bacterial communities, while Ascomycota dominated fungal communities. Analysis of the microbial community revealed the emergence of two distinct clusters correlating with specific date palm cultivars, but fungal communities showed higher sensitivity to date palm genotype variations compared to bacterial communities. The commercial cultivar “Deglet Nour” exhibited a unique microbial composition enriched in pathogenic fungal taxa, which was correlated with its genetic distance. Overall, our study contributes to understanding the complex interactions between date palm genotypes and soil microbiota, highlighting the genotype role in microbial community structure, particularly among fungi. These findings suggest correlations between date palm genotype, stress tolerance, and microbial assembly, with implications for plant health and resilience. Further research is needed to elucidate genotype-specific microbial interactions and their role in enhancing plant resilience to environmental stresses.