Exploring the Influence of Morphology on Bipolaron–Polaron Ratios and Conductivity in Polypyrrole in the Presence of Surfactants

Abstract

This research aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between conductivity and morphology in polypyrrole (PPy) via a comparison of the bipolaron to polaron ratios with a focus on the C-H deformation area. PPy samples were synthesized with different surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and tween 80 (TW). This study revealed that SDS significantly altered the bipolaron and polaron in the C-H deformation region and showed higher conductivity than other surfactants. Notably, the morphological shifts to a sheet-like structure when using ammonium sulfate (APS) contrasted with the particle-like form observed with ferric chloride (FeCl3). These results showed that if the oxidant changed, the bipolaron and polaron ratios in C-H deformation were unrelated to PPy morphology. However, this work showed a consistent relationship between SDS use, the bipolaron and polaron ratios in the C-H deformation, and the conductivity properties. Moreover, the natural positive charge of PPy and negatively charged SDS molecules may lead to an electrostatic interaction between PPy and SDS. This work assumes that this interaction might cause the transformation of polaron to bipolaron in the C–H deformation region, resulting in improved conductivity of PPy. This work offers more support for the future investigation of PPy characteristics.

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on charge carriers in a conducting pyrrole-co-poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic) copolymer

“…Scientists are still researching the optical properties and changes in the electronic structure caused by polaron and bipolaron states nowadays. 24–26 Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for studying the nature of charge carriers. This analytical method allows the study of polaron and bipolaron states in conducting polymers.…”