Exploring the interplay of leptin and aging: insights into the role of gut microbiota

Abstract

Aging, a multifaceted process influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle, involves cellular, metabolic, and immune changes. Leptin, a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, contributes to cellular integrity, impacts telomere maintenance, and interacts with insulin and other hormones, influencing metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions. Its role in age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and neurodegenerative conditions, underscores its diverse impact. Studies suggest potential links between altered leptin levels and increased lifespan. Calorie restriction, known to mitigate aging, involves leptin-triggered activation of central SIRT1. The gut microbiome, mediating environmental cues, undergoes age-related shifts, reciprocally affected by leptin. Probiotics may reduce leptin levels, exhibiting anti-obesogenic effects. Bidirectional communication between leptin and the gut microbiome emphasizes their intertwined relationship. Leptin supplementation and lifestyle modifications impacting leptin signaling emerge as potential strategies for healthy aging, offering avenues for future research and intervention.