Exploring the Li?Ga room temperature phase diagram and the electrochemical performances of the LixGay alloys vs. Li

Saint, Juliette; Morcrette, Mathieu; Larcher, Dominique; Tarascon, Jean‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.05.021

Cited by 87 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The obvious plateau at 1.0–1.1 V in the first discharge profile (Figure S3a, Supporting Information) agrees well with the CV result. The cathodic peaks centered at 0.6 and 0.1 V could be attributed to the formation of LiGa and Li 2 Ga alloy phases, respectively, according to the following overall reaction:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enabling Flexible Heterostructures for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes Based on Nanotube and Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated 2D Gallium Chalcogenide Nanosheet Colloidal Solutions

Zhang

Park

Ronan

et al. 2017

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2D metal chalcogenide (MC) nanosheets (NS) have displayed high capacities as lithium‐ion battery (LiB) anodes. Nevertheless, their complicated synthesis routes coupled with low electronic conductivity greatly limit them as promising LiB electrode material. Here, this work reports a facile single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) percolating strategy for efficiently maximizing the electrochemical performances of gallium chalcogenide (GaX, X = S or Se). Multiscaled flexible GaX NS/SWCNT heterostructures with abundant voids for Li+ diffusion are fabricated by embedding the liquid‐exfoliated GaX NS matrix within a SWCNT‐percolated network; the latter improves the electron transport and ion diffusion kinetics as well as maintains the mechanical flexibility. Consequently, high capacities (i.e., 838 mAh g−1 per gallium (II) sulfide (GaS) NS/SWCNT mass and 1107 mAh g−1 per GaS mass; the latter is close to the theoretical value) and good rate capabilities are achieved, which can be majorly attributed to the alloying processes of disordered Ga formed after the first irreversible GaX conversion reaction, as monitored by in situ X‐ray diffraction. The presented approach, colloidal solution processing of SWCNT and liquid‐exfoliated MC NS to produce flexible paper‐based electrode, could be generalized for wearable energy storage devices with promising performances.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon anodic scanning, peaks centered at 0.5 V and 0.8 V, are found, corresponding to de‐alloying of Li 2 Ga and LiGa phases to Ga, respectively . The absence of sharp peaks in anodic scanning should indicate that the conversion mechanism of GaS (reaction ) is irreversible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Flexible Heterostructures for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes Based on Nanotube and Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated 2D Gallium Chalcogenide Nanosheet Colloidal Solutions

Zhang

Park

Ronan

et al. 2017

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“…In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of inactive Li, cryogenic FIB-SEM and TEM are combined to explore the micro-and nano-structures of inactive Li. Cryogenic protection is critical here because the highly reactive Li metal is not only sensitive to the electron beam, but also is apt to react with the FIB incident Ga ion beam to form a LixGay alloy at room temperature 29 . Completely different morphologies were observed at the various stripping rates even though the same morphology is formed during plating at the same rate ( Fig.…”

Section: Tgc For Quantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying inactive lithium in lithium metal batteries

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Nature

1,053

935

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Inactive lithium (Li) formation is the immediate cause of capacity loss and catastrophic failure of Li metal batteries. However, the chemical component and the atomic level structure of inactive Li have rarely been studied due to the lack of effective diagnosis tools to accurately differentiate and quantify Li + in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components and the electrically isolated unreacted metallic Li 0 , which together comprise the inactive Li. Here, by introducing a new analytical method, Titration Gas Chromatography (TGC), we can accurately quantify the contribution from metallic Li 0 to the total amount of inactive Li. We uncover that the Li 0 , rather than the electrochemically formed SEI, dominates the inactive Li and capacity loss. Using cryogenic electron microscopies to further study the microstructure and nanostructure of inactive Li, we find that the Li 0 is surrounded by insulating SEI, losing the electronic conductive pathway to the bulk electrode. Coupling the measurements of the Li 0 global content to observations of its local atomic structure, we reveal the formation mechanism of inactive Li in different types of electrolytes, and identify the true underlying cause of low Coulombic efficiency in Li metal deposition and stripping. We ultimately propose strategies to enable the highly efficient Li deposition and stripping to enable Li metal anode for next generation high energy batteries. Main Text:To achieve the energy density of 500 Wh/kg or higher for next-generation battery technologies, Li metal is the ultimate anode, because it is the lightest metal on earth (0.534 g cm -3 ), delivers ultra-high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g -1 ), and has the lowest negative electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE) 1 . Yet, Li metal suffers from dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) which have prevented the extensive adoption of Li metal batteries (LMBs) 2-4 . Since the first demonstration of a Li metal battery in 1976 5 , tremendous effort has been made in preventing dendritic Li growth and improving CE, including electrolyte engineering 6-9 , interface protection 10 and substrate architecture 11 . While dense Li can be achieved without any dendrites during the plating process, the stripping process will eventually dominate the CE thus the reversibility of Li metal anode.The formation of inactive Li, also known as "dead" Li, is the immediate cause of low CE, short cycle life and violent safety hazard of LMBs. It consists of both (electro)chemically formed Li + compounds

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“…7, the Li inter-metallic compounds have attracted much attention as a typical Li ionic conductor for investigating the high diffusivity of Li ions in a well-defined environment of defects. The detailed study on the diffusivity of Li in the Li inter-metallic compounds is further of interest, since the compounds have been considered as possible negative electrodes for Li ion secondary batteries more efficient than the commercially available (Wen & Huggins, 1981;Saint et al, 2005). For β-LiAl and β-LiIn with the composition ranging between about 48 and 53 at.…”

Section: Composition Dependence Of LI Diffusion In Li Inter-metallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Experiment in Lithium Ionic Conductors with the Radiotracer of 8Li

Jeong¹

2011

Radioisotopes - Applications in Physical Sciences

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Exploring the Li?Ga room temperature phase diagram and the electrochemical performances of the LixGay alloys vs. Li

Cited by 87 publications

References 5 publications

Enabling Flexible Heterostructures for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes Based on Nanotube and Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated 2D Gallium Chalcogenide Nanosheet Colloidal Solutions

Enabling Flexible Heterostructures for Li‐Ion Battery Anodes Based on Nanotube and Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated 2D Gallium Chalcogenide Nanosheet Colloidal Solutions

Quantifying inactive lithium in lithium metal batteries

Diffusion Experiment in Lithium Ionic Conductors with the Radiotracer of 8Li

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