Exploring the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis Complicated With Atherosclerosis via Microarray Data Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough more and more evidence has supported psoriasis is prone to atherosclerosis, the common mechanism of its occurrence is still not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study is to further explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of this complication.MethodsThe gene expression profiles of psoriasis (GSE30999) and atherosclerosis (GSE28829) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis and atherosclerosis, three kinds of analyses were performed, namely functional annotation, protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and hub gene identification and co-expression analysis.ResultsA total of 94 common DEGs (24 downregulated genes and 70 upregulated genes) was selected for subsequent analyses. Functional analysis emphasizes the important role of chemokines and cytokines in these two diseases. In addition, lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway is closely related to both. Finally, 16 important hub genes were identified using cytoHubba, including LYN, CSF2RB, IL1RN, RAC2, CCL5, IRF8, C1QB, MMP9, PLEK, PTPRC, FYB, BCL2A1, LCP2, CD53, NCF2 and TLR2.ConclusionsOur study reveals the common pathogenesis of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. These common pathways and hub genes may provide new ideas for further mechanism research.

Revealing the Angiopathy of Lacrimal Gland Lesion in Type 2 Diabetes

“…PPI network of DEGs was constructed by STRING (11.0b; https://string-db.org/ ) with a combined score > 0.9 as the cut-off point (Kwon et al, 2018 ). Hub genes were identified using cytoHubba (Su et al, 2021 ), a plug-in of Cytoscape software (Cytoscape, 3.8.2), and significant modules in the PPI network were identified by MCODE 2.0.0 (Azad et al, 2018 ), another plug-in of Cytoscape software. The parameters of DEGs clustering and scoring were set as follows: MCODE score ≥ 4, degree cut-off = 2, node score cut-off = 0.2, max depth = 100, and k-score = 2.…”

Identification and Verification of Potential Hub Genes in Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) and Opioid Dependence by Bioinformatic Analysis

“…The Cytoscape software (version 3.6.1) was applied to visualize the PPI network ( Shannon et al, 2003 ). Besides, the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin in the Cytoscape software was used to identify the interesting modules (selection criteria: degree cutoff = 2, K-core = 2, and node score cutoff = 0.2) ( Bader and Hogue, 2003 ; Bandettini et al, 2012 ; Su et al, 2021 ).…”

Interleukin-17 Links Inflammatory Cross-Talks Between Comorbid Psoriasis and Atherosclerosis

“…Lu et al noted the genetic similarity between psoriasis and CVD using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk indicators for CVD and psoriasis ( 46 ). Using the cyto-Hubba method, studies have recently identified 16 hub genes associated with these two diseases, in which 7 genes ( MMP9, CSF2RB, IL1RN, CCL5, CD53, NCF2 and TLR2 ) are upregulated in both psoriasis and atherosclerosis ( 47 ). Among them, the function of MMP9 gene is more closely related to IL-17 as IL-17 inhibitors can reduce the expression of MMP9 ( 48 ), and level of MMP9 has been also associated with chronic progress of psoriasis ( 49 , 50 ).…”

“…Among them, the function of MMP9 gene is more closely related to IL-17 as IL-17 inhibitors can reduce the expression of MMP9 ( 48 ), and level of MMP9 has been also associated with chronic progress of psoriasis ( 49 , 50 ). Therefore, the pathogenic mechanisms of comorbid psoriasis and atherosclerosis are likely controlled by these hub genes ( 47 ). Animal models with gene knout out may be able to verify such comorbidity mechanisms at a genetic perspective.…”