Exploring the Potential Therapeutic Approach Using Ginsenosides for the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Manju, .; Bharadvaja, Navneeta

doi:10.1007/s12033-023-00783-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The physical and mental health of the patients is also greatly affected. Most traditional drug compounds have strong side effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases [91], and compared with traditional drugs, biomolecules in herbal medicines have high safety and sizable cost [92], and their application in the field of disease treatment is gradually expanding [93].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Neurological-related disorders are diseases that affect the body’s neurons or peripheral nerve tissue, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The development of neurological disorders can cause serious harm to the quality of life and functioning of the patient. The use of traditional therapeutic agents such as dopamine-promoting drugs, anticholinergic drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA receptor antagonists is often accompanied by a series of side effects such as drug resistance, cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormalities, and blurred vision. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic drug with a high safety profile and few side effects. Herbal medicines are rich in active ingredients that are natural macromolecules. Ginsenoside is the main active ingredient of ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is considered to have potential value in the treatment of human diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 have strong pharmacological activities in the nervous system, with protective effects on nerve cells, improved resistance to neuronal injury, modulation of neural activity, resistance to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improvement of brain damage after eclampsia hemorrhage, improvement of memory and cognitive deficits, treatment of AD and vascular dementia, alleviation of anxiety, pain, and inhibition of ionic-like behavior. In this article, we searched the pharmacological research literature of Rg2 and Rh1 in the field of neurological diseases, summarized the latest research progress of the two ginsenosides, and reviewed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rg2 and Rh1, which provided a new way of thinking for the research of the active ingredients in ginseng anti-neurological diseases and the development of new drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Liu,

Chen,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…digestive system, immune system, and more [19][20][21]. But its hydrophobicity leads to poor absorption through the intestine and low bioavailability [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protopanaxadiols Eliminate Behavioral Impairments and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Mice Model

Zhao,

Wang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Neurochem Res

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Currently, there are no effective therapies to cure Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by motor dysfunction and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Protopanaxadiols (PPDs), including 20 (R)- protopanaxadiol (R-PPD) and 20 (S)- protopanaxadiol (S-PPD), are main metabolites of ginsenosides. The role of ginsenosides in neurodegenerative diseases has been thoroughly studied, however, it is unknown whether PPDs can attenuate behavioral deficits and dopaminergic neuron injury in PD model mice to date. Here, we administered PPDs to MPTP-induced PD model mice and monitored the effects on behavior and dopaminergic neurons to investigate the effects of R-PPD and S-PPD against PD. Our results showed that R-PPD and S-PPD (at a dose of 20 mg/kg, i.g.) treatment alleviated MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) induced behavioral deficits. Besides, R-PPD and S-PPD protected MPP+-induced neuron injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced the abnormal expression of Cyt C, Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2. These findings demonstrate that R-PPD and S-PPD were potentially useful to ameliorate PD.

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Metabolomic analysis of the impact of red ginseng on equine physiology

Kwak,

Stambler,

Yoo

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionRed ginseng (RG), a traditional herbal remedy, has garnered attention owing to its diverse health benefits resulting from its complex composition. However, extensive research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of RG and understand the underlying mechanisms supporting these benefits. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and investigate the impact of RG on related metabolic pathways in horse plasma using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)-based metabolomics.MethodsTen horses were divided into control and RG groups, with the latter administered RG at a dose of 600 mg⋅kg−1⋅day−1 for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the plasma samples were collected and analyzed using LC–MS. Multivariate statistical analysis, volcano plots, and feature-based molecular networking were employed.ResultsThe analysis identified 16 metabolites that substantially decreased and 21 metabolites that substantially increased following RG consumption. Among the identified metabolites were oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and ginsenoside Rb1, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as lipid species that influence sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Additionally, potential biomarkers, including major RG components, demonstrated distinct group clustering in principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, indicating their utility in assessing the physiological effects of RG consumption.DiscussionThis study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the effects of RG on health.

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Exploring the Potential Therapeutic Approach Using Ginsenosides for the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 111 publications

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms

Protopanaxadiols Eliminate Behavioral Impairments and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Mice Model

Metabolomic analysis of the impact of red ginseng on equine physiology

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