Exploring the Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Secure Children’s Home Admissions

Martin, Aisling; Nixon, Carol T.; Watt, Kirsty Leanne; Taylor, Abigail; Kennedy, Patrick

doi:10.1007/s10566-021-09660-y

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There were significant differences between groups, and concerning gender, women were found to have more Total ACEs (AlHemyari et al 2022;Campbell et al 2016;Giano et al 2020;Felitti et al 1998;Soares et al 2016;Wong et al 2019) and more Total PD (Agbaje et al 2021;Matud et al 2014) Women also reported higher levels of PTG; however, it was not statistically significant. Regarding ACEs domains, women reported more emotional abuse, more sexual abuse (Martin et al 2022), emotional neglect (Soares et al 2016), and more mental illness or suicide of a family member when compared to men. As far as PD, women reported more Total PD (Pereira et al 2019), anxiety, and depression than men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Regarding gender, some studies found that women experience more ACEs (AlHemyari et al 2022;Campbell et al 2016;Giano et al 2020;Soares et al 2016;Wong et al 2019), while others indicate that the prevalence of ACEs is higher in men (Almuneef et al 2017;Giovanelli et al 2016;Hales et al 2023). However, there seems to be a consensus on the higher prevalence of sexual abuse (Martin et al 2022;Sánchez-Jáuregui et al 2023;Soares et al 2016), emotional neglect (AlHemyari et al 2022Martin et al 2022;Soares et al 2016;Yuan et al 2021) and exposure to domestic violence (AlHemyari et al 2022;Soares et al 2016) in women. As for men, they seem to experience more physical abuse (Almuneef et al 2017;Yuan et al 2021) and exposure to substance abuse (Almuneef et al 2017;Nevárez-Mendoza and Ochoa-Meza 2022).…”

Section: Sociodemographic Disparities In Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies show that more than half of individuals have experienced at least one ACE (Esaki and Larkin 2013;Felitti et al 1998;Hales et al 2023;Manyema et al 2018;Merrick et al 2017;Nevárez-Mendoza and Ochoa-Meza 2022;Soares et al 2022). The most common types of ACEs are emotional abuse (67-82.9%) (Amaranggani and Dewi 2022;Goodman et al 2022), emotional neglect (60-82.2%) (AlHemyari et al 2022;Craig et al 2023), parental separation or divorce (42-77.6%) (Martin et al 2022;Soares et al 2016), and substance abuse in the household (25.6-31.6%) (Felitti et al 1998, Nevárez-Mendoza andOchoa-Meza 2022). The least common are sexual abuse (1.4-4%) (Manyema et al 2018;Soares et al 2016), the incarceration of a family member (3.4-5%) (Babad et al 2022;Craig et al 2023) and physical neglect (4.1-4.6) (Nevárez-Mendoza and Ochoa-Meza 2022; Soares et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

Caetano,

Pereira

2024

Social Sciences

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Background: Research has shown that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are prevalent and are associated with psychological distress. Some studies indicate facing these adversities can lead to post-traumatic growth. This study aims to assess the impact of ACEs on psychological distress and post-traumatic growth and to determine the mediating effect of post-traumatic growth between ACEs and psychological distress, in a sample of adults. Methods: In this study, there were 521 participants (mean = 31.32, SD = 12.28), who answered the following surveys online: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family ACE Questionnaire, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Results: ACEs were positive and significant predictors of psychological distress, and the “Change in the perception of the self and life in general” factor of post-traumatic growth was the strongest predictor of lower perceived psychological distress. Post-traumatic growth did not mediate the relationship between ACEs and psychological distress. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the improvement of clinical practice and health policies and highlight the need for a more in-depth understanding of the impact of ACEs on mental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sociodemographic Disparities In Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

Caetano,

Pereira

2024

Social Sciences

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“…When compared with children in general populations, those entering youth justice systems are much more likely to have experienced childhood adversity (Fox et al, 2015;Gray, Jump & Smithson, 2023;Martin et al, 2022). Furthermore, there is a relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as physical and emotional abuse, neglect, and the witnessing of domestic abuse and poor mental health (see Felitti et al (1998) for a comprehensive account of ACEs).…”

Section: A Forgotten Group? the Impact Of Covid-19 On Justice-involve...mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It fked me up bad, man … It fked my head up, bad, man, bad’: The impact of Covid‐19 on children's mental health and well‐being in the youth justice system

Smithson

2024

Howard J Crime Justice

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This article presents the findings from the United Kingdom's (UK's) first in‐depth exploration of the impacts of Covid‐19 on children at each stage of the youth justice system. Based on interviews with 140 youth justice professionals, participatory research with 40 children in custody and in the community, and a survey of all 157 youth offending teams in England and Wales, the research demonstrates that the pandemic increased the vulnerabilities of justice‐involved children; children who are routinely exposed to health anxieties, instability and inequalities, adverse experiences in the home, systemic racism and school exclusion. Professionals and children reported an increase in mental health illnesses such as anxiety and depression due to range of intersecting factors such as isolation, lack of socialising, lack of routine, lack of physical activity and poor sleep patterns. Post‐pandemic, there is an urgent need for a systemic commitment to addressing the mental health vulnerabilities of justice‐involved children.

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“…Especially vulnerable are the individuals within Secure Children’s Homes (SCHs), who often have experienced more complex trauma than the general population, and on average over four adverse childhood experiences by the time they are referred to a SCH (Harris et al , 2020; Martin et al , 2021). These young people may also present with multiple and complex needs, insecure attachment styles and risk-taking behaviour (Chitsabesan et al , 2006; Finzi et al , 2000; Kroll et al , 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in incidents during COVID-19 in a Secure Children’s Home: an opportunity for learning

McKeown

MacMillan

Watkins

et al. 2022

JACPR

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Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented for young people within the UK. The pandemic has presented particular challenges for vulnerable children and young people. For example, a recent study in the UK indicated that 83% of young people with existing mental health conditions said the pandemic had made their condition worse (Young Minds, 2020). To date, the impact upon populations such as young people in Secure Children’s Homes (SCHs) is unknown. This study aims to elucidate this area. Design/methodology/approach SCHs provide a safe, supportive environment for vulnerable young people who frequently present with multiple and complex needs. Young people residing within a SCH may be residing at the setting because of a Secure Accommodation Order under a Section 25 Order of the Children’s Act (1989) or for criminal justice reasons, i.e. serving a Remand period or custodial sentence. Preliminary research compared a baseline period to a follow-up period after the commencement of COVID-19 national lockdown measures within a SCH in the North of England to develop understanding of the impact for young people. Findings A significant decrease in overall incidents (t (5) = −6.88, p < 0.001), restraints (t (5) = −9.07, p < 0.001) and other incidents including assaults occurred during follow-up. The SECURE STAIRS framework supports trauma-informed care and enhances support within the setting. Consistent with the framework, provision of formulation meetings was significantly increased within the follow-up period (Welsh’s t (74) = −2.74, p < 0.001). Reflections and future recommendations are outlined. Originality/value The unanticipated results highlight the value of examining incident data within secure environments and could lead to effective practice changes for practitioners working within this domain. This research also demonstrates how frameworks such as SECURE STAIRS can be beneficial for vulnerable young people during periods of change and stress in mitigating some of the potential negative effects. The implementation of such frameworks within SCHs is still novel and thus evaluative research is valuable.

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Exploring the Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Secure Children’s Home Admissions

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

‘It fked me up bad, man … It fked my head up, bad, man, bad’: The impact of Covid‐19 on children's mental health and well‐being in the youth justice system

Reduction in incidents during COVID-19 in a Secure Children’s Home: an opportunity for learning

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Exploring the Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Secure Children’s Home Admissions

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

The Mediating Effect of Post-Traumatic Growth on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Adults

‘It f**ked me up bad, man … It f**ked my head up, bad, man, bad’: The impact of Covid‐19 on children's mental health and well‐being in the youth justice system

Reduction in incidents during COVID-19 in a Secure Children’s Home: an opportunity for learning

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Product

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‘It fked me up bad, man … It fked my head up, bad, man, bad’: The impact of Covid‐19 on children's mental health and well‐being in the youth justice system