Exploring the roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in the sorting of noncoding RNAs into exosomes during tumor progression

Wang, Ting; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.029

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 175 publications

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“…RBPs play a significant role in sorting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into EV ( Mateescu et al, 2017 ; Statello et al, 2018 ). These ncRNAs, transported by EV, contribute to the regulation of various aspects of tumor progression, including metastasis, angiogenesis, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and resistance to drugs ( Wang and Zhang, 2023 ). For instance, the RBP Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), which regulates RNA metabolism, has been found to promote the packaging of miR-27b-3p into EV to facilitate CRC cells metastasis through the vasculature ( Dou et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

Ala,

Fagoonee

2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a persistent inflammatory liver condition that affects the bile ducts and is commonly diagnosed in young individuals. Despite efforts to incorporate various clinical, biochemical and molecular parameters for diagnosing PSC, it remains challenging, and no biomarkers characteristic of the disease have been identified hitherto. PSC is linked with an uncertain prognosis, and there is a pressing need to explore multiomics databases to establish a new biomarker panel for the early detection of PSC’s gradual progression into Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Apart from non-coding RNAs, other components of the Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, such as RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs), also hold great promise as biomarkers due to their versatile expression in pathological conditions. In the present review, an update on the RBP transcripts that show dysregulated expression in PSC and CCA is provided. Moreover, by utilizing a bioinformatic data mining approach, we give insight into those RBP transcripts that also exhibit differential expression in liver and gall bladder, as well as in body fluids, and are promising as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of PSC. Expression data were bioinformatically extracted from public repositories usingTCGA Bile Duct Cancer dataset for CCA and specific NCBI GEO datasets for both PSC and CCA; more specifically, RBPs annotations were obtained from RBP World database. Interestingly, our comprehensive analysis shows an elevated expression of the non-canonical RBPs, FANCD2, as well as the microtubule dynamics regulator, ASPM, transcripts in the body fluids of patients with PSC and CCA compared with their respective controls, with the same trend in expression being observed in gall bladder and liver cancer tissues. Consequently, the manipulation of tissue expression of RBP transcripts might be considered as a strategy to mitigate the onset of CCA in PSC patients, and warrants further experimental investigation. The analysis performed herein may be helpful in the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of PSC and for predicting its progression into CCA. In conclusion, future clinical research should investigate in more depth the full potential of RBP transcripts as biomarkers for human pathologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

Ala,

Fagoonee

2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Tumor‐associated exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic targets

Liu,

Wu,

Pan

et al. 2024

MedComm

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Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular environment. Tumor‐associated exosomes (TAEs) are extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in cancer progression by mediating intercellular communication and contributing to various hallmarks of cancer. These vesicles carry a cargo of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules that can be transferred to recipient cells, modifying their behavior and promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and drug resistance. Several potential therapeutic targets within the TAEs cargo have been identified, including oncogenic proteins, miRNAs, tumor‐associated antigens, immune checkpoint proteins, drug resistance proteins, and tissue factor. In this review, we will systematically summarize the biogenesis, composition, and function of TAEs in cancer progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Considering the complexity of exosome‐mediated signaling and the pleiotropic effects of exosome cargoes has challenge in developing effective therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of TAEs in cancer and to develop effective therapies that target them. In particular, the development of strategies to block TAEs release, target TAEs cargo, inhibit TAEs uptake, and modulate TAEs content could provide novel approaches to cancer treatment.

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The roles of LncRNA CARMN in cancers: biomarker potential, therapeutic targeting, and immune response

Liu,

2024

Discov Onc

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Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, with significant implications for cancer research. This review focuses on the role of LncRNA CARMN (Cardiac Arrest and Regulated Myocyte Nuclear Protein) in various cancers. CARMN, originally identified for its function in cardiac tissues, has shown dysregulated expression in several tumor types, including cervical, breast, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. Its altered expression often correlates with tumor progression, metastasis, and patient prognosis, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. In cervical cancer, CARMN's role as a tumor suppressor is highlighted by its ability to inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through interaction with the miR-92a-3p/BTG2 axis and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In breast cancer, CARMN acts as an enhancer RNA, affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by regulating MMP2 via DHX9. The downregulation of CARMN in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy. In colorectal cancer, CARMN’s expression is regulated by m6A methylation and mutant p53, influencing tumor growth through miR-5683 and FGF2. Lastly, in esophageal cancer, genetic variations in CARMN affect cancer susceptibility, with certain SNPs and haplotypes associated with either increased or decreased risk. Additionally, the relationship between CARMN and immune cell dynamics highlights its potential role in cancer immune surveillance and therapy. Finally, we found that CARMN may regulate immune cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment by influencing the recruitment and activation of NK cells and T cells, as well as modulating macrophage polarization. This review emphasizes the diverse roles of CARMN across different cancers and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Future research should address the mechanistic details of CARMN’s involvement in cancer, validate its clinical utility, and explore its therapeutic potential in combination with existing treatments.

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Exploring the roles and molecular mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in the sorting of noncoding RNAs into exosomes during tumor progression

Cited by 7 publications

References 175 publications

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

RNA-binding protein transcripts as potential biomarkers for detecting Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and for predicting its progression to Cholangiocarcinoma

Tumor‐associated exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic targets

The roles of LncRNA CARMN in cancers: biomarker potential, therapeutic targeting, and immune response

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