Exposome mapping in chronic respiratory diseases: the added value of digital technology

Abstract

Purpose of reviewThe development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases are impacted by a complex interplay between genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. Here we specifically summarize the effects of environmental exposure on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. We furthermore discuss how digital health technology may aid in the assessment of the environmental exposure of patients and how it may be of added value for them. Recent findingsIt is well established that one gets allergic symptoms if sensitized and exposed to the same allergen. Viruses, bacteria, pollutants, irritants, and lifestyle-related factors modify the risk of getting sensitized and develop symptoms or may induce symptoms themselves. Understanding these processes and how the various factors interact with each other and the human body require big data and advanced statistics. Mobile health technology enables integration of multiple sources of data of the patients' exposome and link these to patient outcomes. Such technologies may contribute to the increased understanding of the development of chronic respiratory disease.

Climate change, airborne allergens, and three translational mitigation approaches

“… 83 , 84 However, the influences of multiple changing and interacting environmental risk factors pose challenges for identifying and managing the contribution of specific allergic triggers to daily symptoms. 85 Further, the escalating environmental impacts associated with climate change, as discussed above, are increasing the health burden associated with allergic respiratory conditions and adding to the difficulty of disentangling different environmental impacts on individuals to support clinical care. 85 …”

“… 85 Further, the escalating environmental impacts associated with climate change, as discussed above, are increasing the health burden associated with allergic respiratory conditions and adding to the difficulty of disentangling different environmental impacts on individuals to support clinical care. 85 …”

“…A new generation of app-based services that combine educational, clinical and both real-time and forecast environmental information, are emerging. 85 , 88 These offer promise of considerable improvement in the diagnosis of specific sensitivities in individuals and personalised management options, 84 , 85 , 89 , 90 and considerably improved potential for supporting behaviour change by providing information on personal antecedent risk factors and health outcomes in relation to different environmental conditions and management responses. 88 , 90 …”