Exposure data for cosmetic products: Facial cleanser, hair conditioner, and eye shadow

Loretz, Linda; Api, A.M.; Babcock, Laura S.; Barraj, Leila M.; Burdick, J.; Cater, Kathleen C.; Jarrett, Gwendolyn; Mann, Steve; Pan, Yanyan; Re, Thomas; Renskers, Kevin J.; Scrafford, Carolyn G.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.011

Cited by 128 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Together these two ENMs represent *94 % of ENM use in PCPs. SDS is used in several PCPs, most notably in hair coloring products, which rank fourth in ENM use in PCPs at ) between previous studies (Loretz et al 2005(Loretz et al , 2006(Loretz et al , 2008 and the current US survey. Error bars represent tenth and ninetieth percentiles ), considering use estimates derived from the survey and high WWTP effluent emission estimates 3 %.…”

Section: Enms In Pcps Life Cycle Materials Flows Through the Us Economysupporting

confidence: 48%

“…When extrapolating our survey results to the entire population, we assumed that age or geographic location differences were not significant to overall results since a number of previous studies on PCP use found no statistically significant differences between age groups and product use (Biesterbos et al 2013;Loretz et al 2006) and product use across geographic regions in the USA (Loretz et al 2005(Loretz et al , 2008. However, a couple of studies found statistically significant differences between age groups and hair conditioner use (Loretz et al 2008) and geographic region and use of body wash and shampoo (Loretz et al 2006).…”

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a couple of studies found statistically significant differences between age groups and hair conditioner use (Loretz et al 2008) and geographic region and use of body wash and shampoo (Loretz et al 2006).…”

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this, we used two approaches. The first used peer-review data on amount applied for 8 types of PCPs (Loretz et al 2005(Loretz et al , 2006(Loretz et al , 2008. To fill in the gap for the other products, we used data from two major US retailers to determine the most common container sizes (product content) for each PCP (additional details in SI).…”

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, great uncertainty exists in estimates of ENM exposure from PCPs to specific environmental compartments (e.g., soil, water, air, landfill) because little information is available on the amount of ENMs in each product (Nazarenko et al 2012) and ENM release during each life cycle stage-especially the use and disposal stages. Although several studies have surveyed how often consumers apply PCPs (Loretz et al 2005(Loretz et al , 2006(Loretz et al , 2008Hall et al 2007Hall et al , 2011Manová et al 2013;Biesterbos et al 2013;Wu et al 2010;McNamara et al 2007;Pauwels et al 2009), there is little or no information on how consumers remove or dispose of PCPs. Studies that model ENM exposure often use rough estimates for the disposal calculations that are not described in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products throughout their life cycle

et al. 2014

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The impetus for this study was to provide release estimates that can serve to improve predictions of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure for risk assessment. We determined the likely release of ENMs from personal care products (PCPs) through a consumer survey on use and disposal habits, and research on the types and quantities of ENMs in PCPs. Our estimates show that in the US zinc oxide (ZnO), with 1,800-2,100 mt yr -1 , and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), with 870-1,000 mt yr -1 , represent 94 % of ENMs released into the environment or landfills from the use of PCPs. Around 36-43 % of ENMs from PCPs were estimated to end up in landfills, 24-36 % released to soils, 0.7-0.8 % to air, and 28-32 % to water bodies. ENMs in sunscreen represent around 81-82 % of total release, from ZnO and TiO 2 as UV blockers, followed by facial moisturizer (7.5 %), foundation (5.7 %), and hair coloring products (3.1 %). Daily care products such as body wash, shampoo, and conditioner had by far the highest per capita and total use, but contributed little to the ENM release estimates as these products generally contain little or no ENMs. However, if ENMs are incorporated into these daily care products, this may substantially increase ENM release.

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Section: Enms In Pcps Life Cycle Materials Flows Through the Us Economysupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consumer Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products throughout their life cycle

et al. 2014

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Organic Micropollutants

Law

Webster

Theobald

et al. 2011

Chemical Marine Monitoring

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Estimating human exposure to titanium dioxide from personal care products through a social survey approach

Hicks

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely applied in personal care products (PCPs), with up to 36% of TiO2 in PCPs is present at the nanoscale. Due to the large quantity produced and the wide application of TiO2, there is a great potential for human exposure through various routes and therefore a great potential to elicit adverse impacts. This work utilizes a social survey to generate information and estimate TiO2 (bulk and nanoparticle [NP]) exposure to individuals through the daily use of PCPs. Households in the Madison, Wisconsin, USA metropolitan area were surveyed about their PCP usage. Survey results were then combined with usage patterns and TiO2 content in each PCP category to estimate human exposures. Results indicate sunscreen and toothpaste are major contributors to TiO2 dermal exposure. The estimated daily dermal route of exposure ranges from 2.8 to 21.4 mg TiO2 per person per day. Toothpaste has the potential to be ingested though the oral route; 0.15 to 3.9 mg TiO2 per day were estimated to be ingested when 10% toothpaste ingestion was assumed. The results generated in the present case study are generalizable in predicting individual TiO2 exposure from PCPs when the usage pattern is available. In addition, this study can be further used for risk assessment and to refine the use of TiO2 in PCPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–7. © 2019 SETAC

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Exposure data for cosmetic products: Facial cleanser, hair conditioner, and eye shadow

Cited by 128 publications

References 3 publications

Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products throughout their life cycle

Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products throughout their life cycle

Organic Micropollutants

Estimating human exposure to titanium dioxide from personal care products through a social survey approach

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